1996 - European Telework Week

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Telework 96 (cont.) commodities which must be consumed when and where produced vertical economic links and production processes islands of information technology automation in each organisation as inward-looking technology simple trading relations between fixed-role suppliers and customers, with competitors excluded hierarchical bureaucratic organisations commodities which can easily be stored and transported for consumption anywhere at any time more horizontal economic networks (incl. outsourcing to small specialised firms, flexible specialisation) networks of organisations integrated through advanced communications, as outward-looking technology complex trading relations in which organisations can simultaneously be competitors, suppliers, customers, and distribution channels delayered networked organisations large stable organisations down-sized smaller, ever-changing configurations (e.g. virtual enterprises), internal decision-making to coordinate activity external market signals coordinate activity work single and fixed task demarcation multi and flexi tasking (a reversal of the division of labour) interorganisational organisational individual central, hierarchical reporting relationships static, geographically concentrated work patterns life-long, full-time, fixed job skills once-and-for-all education jobs for life de-centralised, horizontal and integrative relationships more mobile, distributed work patterns (e.g. teleworking and direct service getting closer to the customer) changing, flexi-time, multi skill jobs continuous education evolving jobs and work portfolios 2.2.3. The contribution to regional development and cohesion Can advanced communications, long acknowledged as a central tool of European integration, also play a role in increasing cohesion Or might advanced communications lead to greater economic inter-connectedness - but not necessarily to the balanced development of peripheral regions or, thus, to cohesion The answer is not obvious. Examples of both effects have been found during our research, even within single applications. Advanced communications have eased the logistics of the take-over of dairy processors in the Azores by distributors from the mainland, on the one hand improving access to mainland markets, but on the other weakening the bargaining position of local farmers. They have brought teleservice jobs to Scotland and Ireland, although with few linkages to the local economy. While no one can claim certainty as to the long-term effects, we distinguish some key trends below. - 24 -
Telework 96 1. An opening into the “networked economy” The new possibilities for SMEs and regions to link on markets on a multi-national level strengthens EU cohesion by offering an opportunity to become involved in the ‘networked economy’. However, regions will have to pursue this opportunity in order to be able to profit from this. 2. Insertion into new growth sectors The communication-led growth sectors, such as teleservices, can create considerable employment in regions with the appropriate prerequisites. 3. Small firms The high hopes for large numbers of small information intensive service suppliers in remote regions should become more modest. The opportunities outlined above are significant in regional development terms, but advanced communications do not, in themselves, begin to address many problems associated with peripheral and rural issues. Advanced communications, ultimately, are utilised most as a tool to reduce the complexity in highly developed regions and sectors to more manageable dimensions. They do not by themselves overcome problems of peripheral issues and lagging development. Thus, as argued below, advanced communications must be integrated within broader strategies that address problems of uneven regional development and opportunity. Services with the most potential to enhance cohesion There are no simple solutions, no 'golden bullets' or 'trigger applications' that will work for everyone everywhere. But certain broad types of advanced user applications offer more to regional development than do others. In particular, applications that are integrated into the core processes along the value-chain are more useful in practice. These include: • Transactional Services: • Locational Flexibility: • Inventory and Logistical Systems: • Integration Support: By contrast, applications addressing generalised needs bring fewer discernible benefits, and are harder to implement. Examples are general databases, teleservice centres lacking a specific set of focused users, and video-conference for general access. How to promote Advanced Applications in a Competitive, Commercial environment There are risks in a market oriented approach to the provision of advanced communications services in less developed regions. On the one hand, the more remote areas are unlikely to gain access. On the other, external firms are in the best position to afford, but more important, to make effective use of, such technologies. - 25 -
Page 1 and 2: Actions for stimulation of transbor
Page 3 and 4: Foreword FOREWORD Today telework is
Page 5 and 6: Acknowledgements ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS M
Page 7 and 8: Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page 9 and 10: Table of contents 4. TELEWORK UNDER
Page 11 and 12: Telework 96 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Wh
Page 13 and 14: Telework 96 So is the “ACTS Telew
Page 15 and 16: Telework 96 2. TELEWORK STIMULATION
Page 17 and 18: Telework 96 Evolution of the n° of
Page 19 and 20: Telework 96 EMPLOYMENT CREATION. It
Page 21 and 22: Telework 96 2.2. The employment and
Page 23: Telework 96 need to be balanced and
Page 27 and 28: Telework 96 Global trends such as d
Page 29 and 30: Telework 96 • the percentage of v
Page 31 and 32: Telework 96 in many labour-intensiv
Page 33 and 34: Telework 96 competition authorities
Page 35 and 36: Telework 96 The UK and France are t
Page 37 and 38: Telework 96 The telework demand fig
Page 39 and 40: Telework 96 critical times on ad ho
Page 41 and 42: Telework 96 The present tax laws in
Page 43 and 44: Telework 96 2.5. Telework and Small
Page 45 and 46: Telework 96 ‘smallness’ of any
Page 47 and 48: Telework 96 • Grouping SMEs regio
Page 49 and 50: Telework 96 2.6.2. Telecentres and
Page 51 and 52: Telework 96 The TWIN pilot sites, t
Page 53 and 54: Telework 96 2.7.3. Maximising the a
Page 55 and 56: Telework 96 2.7.5. Using technology
Page 57 and 58: Telework 96 3. EUROPEAN TELEWORK WE
Page 59 and 60: Telework 96 Germany Irish Teleworki
Page 61 and 62: Telework 96 In all, the media relat
Page 63 and 64: Telework 96 In Sweden, where nation
Page 65 and 66: Telework 96 4. TELEWORK UNDER THE A
Page 67 and 68: Telework 96 4.2.3. Planned Output f
Page 69 and 70: Telework 96 AC 028 TOBASCO - Toward
Page 71 and 72: Telework 96 AC075 EIES - European I
Page 73 and 74: Telework 96 AC114 SMARTS - SME and
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Telework 96 Special attention is ne
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The development of EU actions to st
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The development of EU actions to st
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ACTS and the Chain Concertation Mec
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Participants In Telework Initiative
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Publications Annex 4 ANNEX 4 PUBLIC
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Publications Annex 4 1. PUBLICATION
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Publications Annex 4 T1020 La Gacet
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Publications Annex 4 2. PUBLICATION
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Network Sources of Published Inform
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Network Sources of Published Inform
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1996 - European Telework Week

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