1996 - European Telework Week

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Telework 96 A pro-active approach to advanced communication provision will thus be essential if benefits are to realised for all regions. In the lead up to liberalisation, in particular, scope exists for a range of actions that will ensure that more competitive markets overall will not be to the detriment of some regions. Such actions can come under two headings, sectoral and horizontal, and will address the following main areas for policy development and measures: Sectoral • Identification of sectors that are critical to a region’s development. • Extend support for selected advanced services, targeted at these sectors. Horizontal • Complementary requisites specific to the selected advanced services, and strategy integration. • A network strategy to support general economic development. Advanced communications need an adequate network platform for those services considered critical to regional development. Support for incentives and investment should come from the appropriate level: regional, national or EU. • Liberalisation with regulatory responses at regional and national level which will cover tariff reform; the speed of introduction of services and infrastructure liberalisation; the elements that comprise universal service; the costs and scope of the universal service obligation; and interoperability and interconnectivity. • Effective diffusion of common standards, for instance in EDI, which can be crucial in certain sectors. • Stimulate economies of scale in applications. • 'Future proofing' of new usages and technological evolution. Some of these imply an increase in understanding, essential to informed strategy development; others involve specific measures and regulations often relating more broadly to regional and national development contexts. If advanced communications are to maximise their potential for regional development, then these disparate elements must be drawn together and integrated fully into regional development strategies. 2.2.4. Social trends that reflect the importance of advanced communications services The project SOCIAL TRENDS examined the emergence of new social trends stemming from the increase in the use of communications media in every aspect of every day life both at the workplace and in leisure time. The trends were identified by examining current market conditions and forecasts. 1 1 The term media covers three major interlinked aspects representing conduits, infrastructure, languages and techniques, mixing images and sound in an artistic or informative manner. Multimedia presentations combine information and entertainment. - 26 -
Telework 96 Global trends such as digitisation, miniaturisation, higher bandwidth (images and colour), allowing greater use of portability, and the integration of "converging" technologies will lead to a decrease of costs and greater user friendliness of multimedia communications and services. Their implementation will multiply the legal and moral issues. The social impact of media is an active process which involves both the people articulating the information flow and the ones that use the end result. The use of media is context dependant and it takes several forms at an individual level: • the home equipment, type of housing, and type of neighbourhood; • the household family structure and social behaviour; • individual values and cultural habits which inter-relate with the taste in, and acceptability of material; • the individual purchasing power and the breakdown of the expenditure (in particular the disposable income for leisure activities and for cultural spending); • the type of professional activity, linked to use of information and communication technologies at work, and to person-to-business use of media. Moreover, the diffusion of each new communication medium is based on the progressive development of an effective use which may be significantly different from the anticipated one. At a collective level, use of media is inter-twined with social trends. Acceptance of new media will depend on the flexibility of social settings, and organisations, and the nature (in terms of speed, and intensity) of the structural adjustments the community has to undertake because of new technologies. Familiarity with audio-visual equipment The penetration of TV, telephone lines and VCRs in Europe’s households is already high. In 1991 20.8% of the household in Europe already had a PC at home. Looking at shipped PC units it is clear that PC penetration has increased: EC 1992 1993 1994 CAGR '92-'94 % PCs - professional market 5,618,000 6,026,000 6,453,000 7.2 PCs - home market 2,543,000 2,722,000 2,888,000 6.6 Source: International Data Corporation PC units shipped in the European Community In 1992 telecom revenue already represented about 2% of the EU gross domestic product (10% growth compared to 1991). The penetration grade of cellular phones has grown between 1988 and 1993 with more than 40%. Traditional media (cinema, press and books) change. More screens with smaller audiences per screen in cinema’s, less reading, especially with the less educated young. Over the past few decades, converging phenomena have tended to renew the social environment on which the use of media acquires its significance. The change from mass broadcast systems to a mix with narrow-cast and interactive media, which will stimulate the diversity of views, will have a major influence on socio-political trends. However, it - 27 -
Page 1 and 2: Actions for stimulation of transbor
Page 3 and 4: Foreword FOREWORD Today telework is
Page 5 and 6: Acknowledgements ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS M
Page 7 and 8: Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page 9 and 10: Table of contents 4. TELEWORK UNDER
Page 11 and 12: Telework 96 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Wh
Page 13 and 14: Telework 96 So is the “ACTS Telew
Page 15 and 16: Telework 96 2. TELEWORK STIMULATION
Page 17 and 18: Telework 96 Evolution of the n° of
Page 19 and 20: Telework 96 EMPLOYMENT CREATION. It
Page 21 and 22: Telework 96 2.2. The employment and
Page 23 and 24: Telework 96 need to be balanced and
Page 25: Telework 96 1. An opening into the
Page 29 and 30: Telework 96 • the percentage of v
Page 31 and 32: Telework 96 in many labour-intensiv
Page 33 and 34: Telework 96 competition authorities
Page 35 and 36: Telework 96 The UK and France are t
Page 37 and 38: Telework 96 The telework demand fig
Page 39 and 40: Telework 96 critical times on ad ho
Page 41 and 42: Telework 96 The present tax laws in
Page 43 and 44: Telework 96 2.5. Telework and Small
Page 45 and 46: Telework 96 ‘smallness’ of any
Page 47 and 48: Telework 96 • Grouping SMEs regio
Page 49 and 50: Telework 96 2.6.2. Telecentres and
Page 51 and 52: Telework 96 The TWIN pilot sites, t
Page 53 and 54: Telework 96 2.7.3. Maximising the a
Page 55 and 56: Telework 96 2.7.5. Using technology
Page 57 and 58: Telework 96 3. EUROPEAN TELEWORK WE
Page 59 and 60: Telework 96 Germany Irish Teleworki
Page 61 and 62: Telework 96 In all, the media relat
Page 63 and 64: Telework 96 In Sweden, where nation
Page 65 and 66: Telework 96 4. TELEWORK UNDER THE A
Page 67 and 68: Telework 96 4.2.3. Planned Output f
Page 69 and 70: Telework 96 AC 028 TOBASCO - Toward
Page 71 and 72: Telework 96 AC075 EIES - European I
Page 73 and 74: Telework 96 AC114 SMARTS - SME and
Page 75 and 76: Telework 96 Special attention is ne
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The development of EU actions to st
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The development of EU actions to st
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ACTS and the Chain Concertation Mec
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Participants In Telework Initiative
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Publications Annex 4 ANNEX 4 PUBLIC
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Publications Annex 4 1. PUBLICATION
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Publications Annex 4 T1020 La Gacet
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Publications Annex 4 2. PUBLICATION
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Network Sources of Published Inform
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Network Sources of Published Inform
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1996 - European Telework Week

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