1996 - European Telework Week

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Telework 96 individuals to pay for non-performative use of media (e.g. games) is essential. It is only through pilot tests that these two types of needs may be identified, and that implicit demand (i.e. non formalised by individuals) may become an explicit demand for the use of media. THE LINKAGE WITH ECONOMIC GROWTH AND TRADE PERFORMANCE Advanced communication is enabling radical changes in the world economy, and its impact will increase dramatically as it becomes more widely used. These changes are a threat and an opportunity for Europe. Advanced communications is a two-edged sword. On the one hand it presents Europe with an opportunity to stimulate innovation and trade, improve efficiency and increase economic integration; but on the other it can destroy jobs through an acceleration of import penetration and re-engineering in larger corporations. The net result of these creative and destructive processes will be determined by the way in which Europe adopts advanced communications, and this, in turn, can be significantly influenced by national and supra-national policy decisions. We maintain that if the right environment is created for advanced communications in Europe then the net impact on employment and prosperity can be positive. However, the prerequisites for such an environment are not currently in place. The policy options for rectifying Europe’s structural weaknesses are limited in the current economic environment. Industrial policy interventions are constrained by the availability of funds, by competition and trade law, and by concerns over the effectiveness of past actions. Fiscal and monetary policy is constrained by the discipline of the global markets. As the 1993 Delors White Paper emphasised, the traditional remedies are now discredited, and policy makers must search for new directions. ‘Creative processes’: • Advanced communications increases the ability of European businesses to project themselves into global markets, particularly in the main centres of new growth such as Asia. Europe has competitive strengths in many service sectors which have been difficult to exploit outside domestic markets until now. • Advanced communications is enabling the exploitation of these advantages through trade and direct investment. • Advanced communications is accelerating the development of the EU Single Market, leading to efficiency gains for the European macro-economy and competitiveness improvements for individual enterprises. • Advanced communications could significantly improve the effectiveness of education services, welfare services and healthcare services, which would bring important indirect social and macro-economic benefits. These effects are complex and not yet clearly proven. ‘Destructive processes’: • Advanced communications enables business activities to be conducted on a global basis by considerably reducing the risks and costs of widely distributed operations. Firms can exploit cost advantages, market opportunities and financial opportunities on a global basis rather than on a national or regional basis. The true competitiveness of labour forces and individual enterprises is thus exposed, as markets become more contestable. In many sectors, Europe is not competitive in global terms, particularly - 30 -
Telework 96 in many labour-intensive activities. Europe should expect these activities to migrate to other countries more rapidly in an advanced communications environment. • The transition from a traditional communications environment to an advanced communications environment will reinforce the already strong historical correlation between macro-economic performance and communications provision. The economies of those countries and regions with widely available and affordable advanced communications services are expected to perform better than those where advanced communications take-up is more restricted. The study examines the potential impacts of advanced communications on a sectoral basis, describing the potential positive and negative effects on European competitiveness, value-added, employment and trade for nine sectors. The study does not attempt to extrapolate the quantified relationships between communications and the economy into an advanced communications environment. We believe that the fundamental dynamics of advanced communications, and their economic impacts, will be significantly different to the effects that have been observed to date. Two scenarios are described for the transition to advanced communications, and these are used throughout as the basis for investigating the sensitivity of each sectoral effect. ‘Rapid Scenario Progress’ ‘Slow Scenario Progress’ Rate of restructuring for ‘mature’ EU industries Improvements in EU competitiveness Growth in EU external exports Growth in EU external imports Growth in EU internal trade Growth in SME share of EU output Job creation in the EU Job destruction in the EU Growth in EU unemployment EXHIBIT: Summary of Advanced Communications Impacts on Key Areas of the EU Economy Note: A solid black circle indicates rapid growth, an empty circle indicates no change. Macro-economic conclusions are drawn from a synthesis of these sectoral assessments, and are presented in a quantified picture of the European macro-economy in the next decade. - 31 -
Page 1 and 2: Actions for stimulation of transbor
Page 3 and 4: Foreword FOREWORD Today telework is
Page 5 and 6: Acknowledgements ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS M
Page 7 and 8: Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page 9 and 10: Table of contents 4. TELEWORK UNDER
Page 11 and 12: Telework 96 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Wh
Page 13 and 14: Telework 96 So is the “ACTS Telew
Page 15 and 16: Telework 96 2. TELEWORK STIMULATION
Page 17 and 18: Telework 96 Evolution of the n° of
Page 19 and 20: Telework 96 EMPLOYMENT CREATION. It
Page 21 and 22: Telework 96 2.2. The employment and
Page 23 and 24: Telework 96 need to be balanced and
Page 25 and 26: Telework 96 1. An opening into the
Page 27 and 28: Telework 96 Global trends such as d
Page 29: Telework 96 • the percentage of v
Page 33 and 34: Telework 96 competition authorities
Page 35 and 36: Telework 96 The UK and France are t
Page 37 and 38: Telework 96 The telework demand fig
Page 39 and 40: Telework 96 critical times on ad ho
Page 41 and 42: Telework 96 The present tax laws in
Page 43 and 44: Telework 96 2.5. Telework and Small
Page 45 and 46: Telework 96 ‘smallness’ of any
Page 47 and 48: Telework 96 • Grouping SMEs regio
Page 49 and 50: Telework 96 2.6.2. Telecentres and
Page 51 and 52: Telework 96 The TWIN pilot sites, t
Page 53 and 54: Telework 96 2.7.3. Maximising the a
Page 55 and 56: Telework 96 2.7.5. Using technology
Page 57 and 58: Telework 96 3. EUROPEAN TELEWORK WE
Page 59 and 60: Telework 96 Germany Irish Teleworki
Page 61 and 62: Telework 96 In all, the media relat
Page 63 and 64: Telework 96 In Sweden, where nation
Page 65 and 66: Telework 96 4. TELEWORK UNDER THE A
Page 67 and 68: Telework 96 4.2.3. Planned Output f
Page 69 and 70: Telework 96 AC 028 TOBASCO - Toward
Page 71 and 72: Telework 96 AC075 EIES - European I
Page 73 and 74: Telework 96 AC114 SMARTS - SME and
Page 75 and 76: Telework 96 Special attention is ne
Page 77 and 78: The development of EU actions to st
Page 79 and 80: The development of EU actions to st
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ACTS and the Chain Concertation Mec
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Participants In Telework Initiative
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Publications Annex 4 ANNEX 4 PUBLIC
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Publications Annex 4 1. PUBLICATION
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Publications Annex 4 T1020 La Gacet
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Publications Annex 4 2. PUBLICATION
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Network Sources of Published Inform
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Network Sources of Published Inform
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1996 - European Telework Week

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