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24 — EASO Country of Origin Information report — South and Central <strong>Somalia</strong> — Country overview<br />
1.3.4 Islamist advance and retreat ( 89 )<br />
March to May 2006: Intense fighting in Mogadishu between Islamic groups and an alliance of Mogadishu‐based<br />
warlords.<br />
June 2006: The Islamic Courts Union (ICU) defeats the warlord alliance, establishes an administration in Mogadishu<br />
and takes over part of southern <strong>Somalia</strong>.<br />
July‐August 2006: Mogadishu’s air and seaports are re‐opened for the first time since 1995.<br />
December 2006: Ethiopian troops and the Transitional Government engage in a battle against ICU and succeed in<br />
capturing Mogadishu.<br />
January 2007: The port of Kismayo, the last ICU stronghold, is abandoned by the Islamists.<br />
1.3.5 Failed attempts to restore peace ( 90 )<br />
February 2007: UN authorises an African Union peacekeeping mission to <strong>Somalia</strong> (AMISOM).<br />
March to October 2007: Fighting in Mogadishu between insurgents and government forces backed by Ethiopian<br />
troops. In April 2007, UN estimates that 320 000 Somalis had fled Mogadishu since February.<br />
December 2008: President Abdullahi Yusuf resigns.<br />
January 2009: Ethiopia completes the withdrawal of its troops. Sheikh Sharif Ahmed, a moderate Islamist, is elected<br />
TFG president by the new expanded parliament.<br />
1.3.6 Al‐Shabaab insurgency ( 91 )<br />
May 2009: Islamist insurgents launch attacks on Mogadishu.<br />
May 2009: Sharia law is introduced. Attacks on the TFG by insurgent fighters, including Al‐Shabaab and other groups,<br />
spark a new wave of displacement.<br />
June 2009: State of emergency is declared.<br />
October 2009: Al‐Shabaab captures the southern port of Kismayo and subsequently large parts of southern <strong>Somalia</strong>.<br />
January 2010: Al‐Shabaab officially confirms that it has joined Al‐Qaida’s ‘international jihad’.<br />
July‐August 2010: UN declares famine in several regions of <strong>Somalia</strong>.<br />
August 2011: Al‐Shabaab withdraws from Mogadishu.<br />
October 2011: Kenyan army launches an incursion into <strong>Somalia</strong> after a series of kidnappings by Al‐Shabaab inside<br />
Kenya involving foreigners.<br />
( 89 ) UKBA, Country of Origin Information (<strong>COI</strong>) report, <strong>Somalia</strong>, 17 January 2012 (https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/<br />
file/310218/<strong>Somalia</strong>_<strong>COI</strong>_report_jan_2012.pdf) accessed 28 May 2014; BBC, <strong>Somalia</strong> profile – A chronology of key events, last updated 19 December 2013<br />
(http://www.bbc.com/news/world‐africa-14094632) accessed 26 May 2014; Bradbury, M. & Healy, S., ‘Endless war: a brief history of the Somali conflict’,<br />
Accord Issue 21, 2010 (http://www.c‐r.org/sites/default/files/21_<strong>Somalia</strong>_2010_ENG_F.pdf) accessed 26 May 2014; Reuters, Chronology of <strong>Somalia</strong>’s collapse,<br />
conflict, 1 January 2007 (http://www.reuters.com/article/2007/01/01/us‐somalia‐idUSL0188726320070101) accessed 28 May 2014; Security Council <strong>Report</strong>,<br />
Chronology, revised on 4 April 2014 (http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/chronology/somalia.phppage=13) accessed 27 May 2014.<br />
( 90 ) Security Council <strong>Report</strong>, Chronology, revised on 4 April 2014 (http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/chronology/somalia.phppage=13) accessed 27 May 2014;<br />
Bradbury, M. & Healy, S., ‘Endless war: a brief history of the Somali conflict’, Accord Issue 21, 2010 (http://www.c‐r.org/sites/default/files/21_<strong>Somalia</strong>_2010_<br />
ENG_F.pdf) accessed 26 May 2014; BBC, <strong>Somalia</strong> profile – A chronology of key events, last updated 19 December 2013 (http://www.bbc.com/news/<br />
world‐africa-14094632) accessed 26 May 2014; UKBA, Country of Origin Information (<strong>COI</strong>) report, <strong>Somalia</strong>, 17 January 2012 (https://www.gov.uk/government/<br />
uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/310218/<strong>Somalia</strong>_<strong>COI</strong>_report_jan_2012.pdf) accessed 28 May 2014.<br />
( 91 ) BBC, <strong>Somalia</strong> profile – A chronology of key events, last updated 19 December 2013 (http://www.bbc.com/news/world‐africa-14094632) accessed 26 May 2014;<br />
Bradbury, M. & Healy, S., ‘Endless war: a brief history of the Somali conflict’, Accord Issue 21, 2010 (http://www.c‐r.org/sites/default/files/21_<strong>Somalia</strong>_2010_<br />
ENG_F.pdf) accessed 26 May 2014; UNPOS, Chronology of events (http://unpos.unmissions.org/Default.aspxtabid=9708&language=en‐US) accessed<br />
27 May 2014.
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