COI-Report-Somalia

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38 — EASO Country of Origin Information report — South and Central Somalia — Country overview 4000 Evictions - mainly Mogadishu 3000 2000 1000 0 Jul-13 Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jul-14 Feb Mar Apr Source: UNHCR, Refugees in the Horn of Africa. Somali Displacement Crisis, Somalia Population Movement Trends, s.d. (http://data.unhcr.org/ horn‐of‐africa/country.phpid=197) accessed 9 May 2014. Since the second half of 2013, forced evictions of thousands of IDPs have occurred in Mogadishu, as a result of an increasing pressure on land and property ( 227 ). During 2013, around 17 200 people were evicted. This was done not only by private landowners or gatekeepers, but also by the Mogadishu administration, in attempts to clean up the capital. The relocation plan was halted in 2013 ‘due to the deteriorating insecurity, a lack of landownership benchmarks, and pre‐emptive actions by so‐called gatekeepers’ ( 228 ). The authorities could not find alternative safe locations for the IDPs ( 229 ). IDPs are pushed from the central districts of Mogadishu, both from public and private terrains and buildings. Orphans and extremely vulnerable persons are not spared from evictions ( 230 ). Few alternatives are available for evicted IDPs and mainly depend on personal circumstances and clan affiliation. The majority of the evicted IDPs have moved to the districts Dayniile and Wadajir, KM7, KM11 and other IDP camps along the road to Afgooye ( 231 ) as well as to the settlements Sarakusta and Maslah ( 232 ). By December 2013, nearly 50 500 IDPs had been assisted to go back to their home villages, and approximately 13 000 had returned home spontaneously. Larger‐scale returns are not yet foreseen due to the insecurity and the limited livelihood options ( 233 ). Eviction figures in Mogadishu dropped significantly from an average of about 1 500/month in the second half of 2013 to about 350/ month in the first trimester of 2014 ( 234 ). See also part 5.5.2. ( 227 ) A recent map of IDP‐camps in Mogadishu can be found at: UNITAR/UNOSAT, Update 6: Reduction of Somali IDP Shelter Concentrations in Mogadishu, Somalia (3 June 2013 - 24 November 2013), 2 January 2014 (http://unosat‐maps.web.cern.ch/unosat‐maps/SO/CE20130710SOM/REPORT_MogadishuCamp_ Analysis_24November2013.pdf) accessed 5 June 2014. ( 228 ) IDMC, Global Overview 2014: people internally displaced by conflict and violence, 14 May 2014 (http://www.internal‐displacement.org/publications/2014/ global‐overview-2014-people‐internally‐displaced‐by‐conflict‐and‐violence/) accessed 15 May 2014. ( 229 ) AI, Somalia: Forced evictions in Mogadishu put thousands of displaced at even greater risk, Press Release, 13 September 2013 (http://www.amnesty.org/en/ for‐media/press‐releases/somalia‐forced‐evictions‐mogadishu‐put‐thousands‐displaced‐even‐greater‐ris) accessed 29 May 2014. ( 230 ) Landinfo/Udlændingsstyrelsen, Update on security and protection issues in Mogadishu and South‐Central Somalia, March 2014 (http://landinfo.no/ asset/2837/1/2837_1.pdf) accessed 26 May 2014, p. 38-39. ( 231 ) UNITAR/UNOSAT, Update 6: Reduction of Somali IDP Shelter Concentrations in Mogadishu, Somalia (3 June 2013 - 24 November 2013), 2 January 2014 (http:// unosat‐maps.web.cern.ch/unosat‐maps/SO/CE20130710SOM/REPORT_MogadishuCamp_Analysis_24November2013.pdf) accessed 5 June 2014; Lifos, Säkerhetssituationen i södra och centrala Somalia, Rapport från utredningsresa till Nairobi, Kenya i oktober 2013. 20 January 2014 (http://lifos.migrationsverket. se/dokumentdocumentAttachmentId=40524) accessed 22 June 2014, p. 25. ( 232 ) Landinfo/Udlændingsstyrelsen, Update on security and protection issues in Mogadishu and South‐Central Somalia, March 2014 (http://landinfo.no/ asset/2837/1/2837_1.pdf) accessed 26 May 2014, p. 38-39. ( 233 ) IDMC (Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre), Global Overview 2014: people internally displaced by conflict and violence, 14 May 2014 (http://www. internal‐displacement.org/publications/2014/global‐overview-2014-people‐internally‐displaced‐by‐conflict‐and‐violence/) accessed 15 May 2014. ( 234 ) UNHCR, Refugees in the Horn of Africa. Somali Displacement Crisis, Somalia Population Movement Trends, s.d. (http://data.unhcr.org/horn‐of‐africa/country. phpid=197) accessed 9 May 2014.
EASO Country of Origin Information report — South and Central Somalia — Country overview — 39 1.9 Documents 1.9.1 General remarks Since the start of the civil war in 1991, Somalia lacks a centrally organised and functioning administration. Most records have been discontinued and destroyed. The few records not destroyed are in the hands of private individuals or otherwise not retrievable ( 235 ). Consequently, most persons born after 1991 in Somalia have never been registered officially. In December 2013, the FGS launched a new centre for issuing passports and identity cards, which is also recording biometrical data electronically ( 236 ). However, the system has very limited capacities and is so far only available in Mogadishu ( 237 ). Thus, until recently, there existed neither authorities entitled to issue identity documents, nor records on which these could be based. Somali society is largely paperless. Somalis identify themselves usually by dialect and genealogy. Identity papers are mainly needed when travelling (or seeking asylum) abroad. For many years, they have been issued only by forgers on markets ( 238 ). In 2006, the (transitional) government started also issuing papers, which are largely based on oral declarations and not on information from kept records. These documents therefore lack reliability and value of proof ( 239 ). 1.9.2 Identity documents (ID cards, passports) All towns and districts issued ID cards prior to 1991 ( 240 ). Until 1991, the Somali government issued a passport which later became known as the ‘green passport’. After the collapse of the Somali government in 1991, Somali embassies, as well as private dealers, continued to print and issue the green passport without official authorisation, since no other passports were available to Somali citizens ( 241 ). Since 2007, the Somali government has stated various times that the ‘green passport’ is no longer valid and banned its use ( 242 ). In early 2007 (according to some sources, in 2006 ( 243 )), the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) launched a new computer‐readable passport (produced by Just Solutions Ltd. in the UAE Emirate of Sharjah) containing an electronic ( 235 ) US Department of State, Somalia Reciprocity Schedule (http://travel.state.gov/content/visas/english/fees/reciprocity‐by‐country/SO.html) 26 May 2014. ( 236 ) Sabahionline, Biometric passport registration centre opens in Mogadishu, 24 December2013 (http://sabahionline.com/en_GB/articles/hoa/articles/ newsbriefs/2013/12/24/newsbrief-04) accessed 26 June 2014; Hiiraan Online, Somalia introduces biometric ID cards, 5 February 2014 (http://www.hiiraan. com/news4/2014/Feb/53175/somalia_introduces_biometric_id_cards.aspx#sthash.c6II9IFt.T1Qyz2DR.dpbs) accessed 26 June 2014. ( 237 ) Sabahionline, Mogadishu identification card centre overwhelmed with applicants, 22 January 2014 (http://sabahionline.com/en_GB/articles/hoa/articles/ features/2014/01/22/feature-01) accessed 26 May 2014; Sabahionline, Somalia faces logistical challenges in issuing new passports, 3 January 2014 (http:// sabahionline.com/en_GB/articles/hoa/articles/features/2014/01/03/feature-01) accessed 26 May 2014. ( 238 ) Sabahionline, Somalia takes steps to combat forgery business, 24 January 2014 (http://sabahionline.com/en_GB/articles/hoa/articles/features/2013/01/24/ feature-02) accessed 26 May 2014; Hiiraan Online, Somalia introduces biometric ID cards, 5 February 2014 (http://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2014/Feb/53175/ somalia_introduces_biometric_id_cards.aspx#sthash.c6II9IFt.T1Qyz2DR.dpbs) accessed 26 June 2014. ( 239 ) Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken (The Netherlands), Algemeen ambtsbericht Somalië, 19 December 2013 (http://www.rijksoverheid.nl/bestanden/ documenten‐en‐publicaties/ambtsberichten/2013/12/19/algemeen‐ambtsbericht‐somalie-2013-12-19/algemeen‐ambtsbericht‐somalie‐december-2013. pdf) accessed 27 May 2014, p. 35; Landinfo, Report: Documents in Somalia and Sudan, 5 January 2009 (http://landinfo.no/asset/769/1/769_1.pdf) accessed 26 May 2014, p. 10. ( 240 ) Landinfo, Report: Documents in Somalia and Sudan, 5 January 2009 (http://landinfo.no/asset/769/1/769_1.pdf) accessed 26 May 2014, p. 9. ( 241 ) Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken (The Netherlands), Algemeen ambtsbericht Somalië, 19 December 2013 (http://www.rijksoverheid.nl/bestanden/ documenten‐en‐publicaties/ambtsberichten/2013/12/19/algemeen‐ambtsbericht‐somalie-2013-12-19/algemeen‐ambtsbericht‐somalie‐december-2013. pdf) accessed 27 May 2014, p. 36; Landinfo, Report: Documents in Somalia and Sudan, 5 January 2009 (http://landinfo.no/asset/769/1/769_1.pdf) accessed 26 May 2014, p. 10. ( 242 ) Xinhua, Somalia introduces new e‐passport, 9 February 2007 (http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200702/09/eng20070209_348606.html) accessed 26 May 2014; Hiiraan Online, Somali Government to stop the usage of Old Passport, 21 September 2008 (http://www.hiiraan.com/news2/2008/sept/somali_ government_to_stop_the_usage_of_old_passport.aspx) accessed 27 May 2014; Somaliareport, TFG Bans Use of Old Somali Passport, 17 September 2011 (http://www.somaliareport.com/index.php/post/1588/TFG_Bans_Use_of_Old_Somali_Passport) 26 May 2014. ( 243 ) Sabahionline, Somalia takes steps to combat forgery business, 24 January 2014 (http://sabahionline.com/en_GB/articles/hoa/articles/features/2013/01/24/ feature-02) accessed 26 May 2014; Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken (The Netherlands), Algemeen ambtsbericht Somalië, 19 December 2013 (http://www.rijksoverheid.nl/bestanden/documenten‐en‐publicaties/ambtsberichten/2013/12/19/algemeen‐ambtsbericht‐somalie-2013-12-19/ algemeen‐ambtsbericht‐somalie‐december-2013.pdf) accessed 27 May 2014, p. 36.
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BZ-04-14-466-EN-C doi: 10.2847/3117
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