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Jochen Gartz - Magic Mushrooms Around the ... - preterhuman.net

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Europe's only region where traditional usage of<br />

Amanita muscaria has been confirmed. In addition,<br />

<strong>the</strong>re is growing evidence that o<strong>the</strong>r world<br />

religions, especially in Africa, have embraced <strong>the</strong><br />

usage of psychoactive mushrooms as well, an<br />

intriguing possibility that calls for fur<strong>the</strong>r study.<br />

While <strong>the</strong> number of psychotropic<br />

mushroom species has risen dramatically all across<br />

Europe, <strong>the</strong> pace of progress in developing medical<br />

uses for mushroom ingredients has not followed<br />

suit. However, hallucinogens, including psilocybin<br />

have a history of <strong>the</strong>rapeutic usage, a practice that<br />

is documented by a great deal of information,<br />

experiences and insights.<br />

Given <strong>the</strong> lack of alternate methods to<br />

study <strong>the</strong>se substances, <strong>the</strong> revival of medical and<br />

interdisciplinary research efforts is a more crucially<br />

important issue now than ever before. After all, a<br />

better understanding of psychotropic substances<br />

may well benefit a vast number of patients,<br />

possibly by contributing to <strong>the</strong> processes of mental<br />

and psychic healing. A glimmer of hope for <strong>the</strong><br />

revival of large-scale research comes from <strong>the</strong><br />

United States, where a very small number of<br />

investigators have, on occasion, succeeded at<br />

securing government permission to conduct studies<br />

on <strong>the</strong> medical aspects of hallucinogens, including<br />

psilocybin. The conceptual approach behind <strong>the</strong><br />

design of <strong>the</strong>se research projects suggests that<br />

virtually no reliable pharmacological data is in<br />

existence. In fact, <strong>the</strong>se substances have undergone<br />

extensive study over <strong>the</strong> course of several decades.<br />

To <strong>the</strong> extent that relationships of dosage and<br />

effects have already been determined, current and<br />

future research efforts should build upon existing<br />

knowledge, instead of neglecting or ignoring<br />

previously published results. High-tech methodology<br />

may well yield new results - techniques for<br />

exploring and enhancing our understanding of<br />

mushrooms at <strong>the</strong> biochemical level. But increased<br />

biochemical knowledge does not permit us to draw<br />

any sort of conclusion about o<strong>the</strong>r aspects of<br />

psychoactive substances, such as psychedelic peak<br />

experiences, exploring <strong>the</strong> realms of <strong>the</strong><br />

subconscious mind, as well <strong>the</strong> development of<br />

<strong>the</strong>rapeutic applications based on <strong>the</strong>se effects.<br />

Certain hypno<strong>the</strong>rapy techniques are<br />

known to induce experiences similar, but not<br />

identical to, those caused by administration of<br />

hallucinogens. Recent studies have demonstrated<br />

that hypnosis can benefit <strong>the</strong> immune system, a<br />

finding that suggests psilocybin and related<br />

compounds may have potentially similar<br />

properties. Meditation and dreaming are additional<br />

examples of states of consciousness with<br />

interesting parallels to psychedelic experiences, yet<br />

very little is known about <strong>the</strong>se links, due to <strong>the</strong><br />

scarcity of research efforts in this area.<br />

In recent years, <strong>the</strong> non-medical use of<br />

psychotropic species has become an increasingly<br />

popular pastime. I agree, however, with <strong>the</strong><br />

assessment of Swiss toxicologist R. Flammer, who<br />

has written about <strong>the</strong> possible problems linked to<br />

this practice:<br />

"....There is no need to panic, considering<br />

<strong>the</strong> severity of existing problems with alcohol and<br />

hard addictive drugs, which make <strong>the</strong> Panaeolus<br />

mushrooms and <strong>the</strong>ir close relatives appear<br />

harmless by comparison. "<br />

In order to guard against being dazzled or<br />

overwhelmed by <strong>the</strong> mushroom's powerful magic<br />

we must embrace <strong>the</strong> pursuit of in-depth research<br />

into hallucinogenic mushrooms, a method that can<br />

protect us from jumping to conclusions, and in <strong>the</strong><br />

process, from hampering <strong>the</strong> advancement of<br />

beneficial applications.

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