Denmark, Sweden, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, and recently Russia near <strong>the</strong> St. Petersburg area. The mushrooms have even been found in Siberia. In some areas, where <strong>the</strong> mushrooms thrive in abundance, a more comprehensive mode of usage can be observed, without attracting much additional attention over a longer period of time. Costly measures, such as <strong>the</strong> deployment of helicopters over pastures in <strong>the</strong> Jura Mountains of Switzerland to flush out mushroom collectors have rarely been used and were quickly abandoned. Switzerland is ano<strong>the</strong>r country where Psilocybe cubensis is being cultivated and used without attracting much attention. Below is an account provided by a Swiss friend about his first ever experience with this species: Intense, kaleidoscope-like colors are being generated. I begin to dive in and out of o<strong>the</strong>r realities, followed by <strong>the</strong> painful loss of ego, death and life. Suddenly I find myself inside a wooden box. My body is a black mass full of low-level pain. I have <strong>the</strong> black plague. I was put inside <strong>the</strong> box, because I was thought to be dead, but I am still alive. I am being carried to and placed on top of cart so that I can be transported to be burned. Few o<strong>the</strong>rs are being given such a box. At first I am in despair, but <strong>the</strong>n I know that <strong>the</strong> end is near, anyway. Death is a liberation for me. I remember: I see my house in <strong>the</strong> city center of Metz, where I used to live until now. Then came <strong>the</strong> plague. My years of selfish dedication of helping sick, degenerate, stinking, hungry and dying people. I provide comfort and companionship, as well as medication that remains ineffective. I continuously make house calls, <strong>the</strong>re is no end in sight. I become ill myself. At first I deny this fact, but now I am inside this wooden box, in a state of semi-consciousness. I know that <strong>the</strong> end is here. I know that I am a physician named Claudius Vinzen and that <strong>the</strong> year is 1427. I wake up in <strong>the</strong> reality of winter, 1990. Metz, where is Metz Later on, I locate <strong>the</strong> city on a map of France and until this day, I have been trying to verify if this physician lived <strong>the</strong>re during <strong>the</strong> Middle Ages. I am reminded of my long years of professional work with criminal and drug-addicted youngsters. I sense <strong>the</strong> common elements of <strong>the</strong>se two realities (karma), <strong>the</strong> sacrifices of selfless helping. Such deeply moving experiences do not appear to be unusual (compare to reports of experiences with Psilocybe semilanceata in Chapter 3.1) and should always be studied in all seriousness. Only France seems to engage in elaborate activities designed to locate collectors of psychotropic mushrooms. Despite its grand mycological traditions, France is a country that has a ra<strong>the</strong>r absurd prohibition against <strong>the</strong> exhibition of Psilocybe and Stropharia species (European Stropharia species do not produce psilocybin) at scientific conventions. As a consequence, French mycologists have been avoiding <strong>the</strong> use of <strong>the</strong> genus Psilocybe. Nowadays, at mycological conventions, Psilocybes are exhibited under <strong>the</strong> old name of Geophila (Quelet), which appears to have gotten around <strong>the</strong> problem of breaking <strong>the</strong> law. According to my personal communications with mycologists, <strong>the</strong> usage of Psilocybe semilanceata in Italy began in about 1980/1981 and has been rising steadily since <strong>the</strong>n. At <strong>the</strong> same time, <strong>the</strong>re have been no clinically relevant cases, nor any legislative action on <strong>the</strong> matter. Towards <strong>the</strong> late 1980s, usage of psychoactive Psilocybe species began in <strong>the</strong> former Czechoslovakia, for instance, around <strong>the</strong> region of Brno. It appears that Psilocybe bohemica is used more often in this country than Psilocybe semilanceata, as <strong>the</strong> former species is quite common <strong>the</strong>re. Very little is known about European usage of mushroom species from o<strong>the</strong>r genera. In <strong>the</strong> mid-1980s, Spanish youngsters near Barcelona were observed using Panaeolus mushrooms. The well-known booklet authored by Oss and Oeric about <strong>the</strong> cultivation of Psilocybe cubensis has been translated into several European languages and published in different countries. It is almost certain that <strong>the</strong> book is being used as a cultivation guide in Europe, however, <strong>the</strong>re are no available data about <strong>the</strong> success rate of <strong>the</strong>se experiments. In many cases, commonly occurring contaminants probably prevent fruiting of this subtropical species on rye substrate. I won't risk making predictions about <strong>the</strong> extent of future usage of indigenous European psychoactive mushroom species, nor am I able to predict which species may or may not gain in
popularity. However, it is possible to speculate that <strong>the</strong> increased geographic distribution of species such as Inocybe aeruginascens and Psilocybe cyanescens may lead to more unintentional intoxications, which, in turn, may result in creating a generally deeper knowledge base about <strong>the</strong> attributes of <strong>the</strong>se mushrooms. Figure 57 - A letter from <strong>the</strong> "Central Bureau of Substance Abuse" in <strong>the</strong> former East Germany, detailing some legal restrictions on psychoactive plants. At <strong>the</strong> time (1983), Psilocybe mexicana was not a controlled substance and no restrictions applied to its use.
- Page 3 and 4:
JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC MUSHROOMS Around
- Page 5 and 6:
TABLE OF CONTENT (With Active Links
- Page 7 and 8:
FOREWORD WHO WAS THE FIRST MAGICIAN
- Page 9 and 10:
CHAPTER 1 I BELIEVE THE TIME HAS CO
- Page 11 and 12:
semilanceata played an important ro
- Page 13 and 14:
eaction to Leary's markedly unortho
- Page 15 and 16:
Mr. E Branl, on a poisonous Species
- Page 17 and 18:
Stalks generally single, sometimes
- Page 19:
189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. [Wo
- Page 22:
a forest clearing between a creek a
- Page 25 and 26:
thoughts - later on I discovered th
- Page 27 and 28:
Biochemical precursor of psilocybin
- Page 29 and 30:
CHAPTER 3.2 PSILOCYBE CYANESCENS -
- Page 31 and 32:
from the mycelia. For instance, oth
- Page 33 and 34:
Figure 24 - Psilocybe cyanescens at
- Page 35 and 36:
however, did not include any rough
- Page 37 and 38:
CHAPTER 3.3 PANAEOLUS SUBBALTEATUS
- Page 39 and 40: 192. Panaeolus subbalteatus Berk.u.
- Page 41 and 42: maps showing distribution patterns
- Page 43 and 44: (age 11) experienced cramps and los
- Page 45 and 46: about deaths following ingestion of
- Page 47 and 48: Figure 32 - Description of Inocybe
- Page 49 and 50: Unlike species of thin-fleshed Psil
- Page 51 and 52: CHAPTER 3.5 GYMNOPILUS PURPURATUS -
- Page 53 and 54: incurved later, occasional blue sta
- Page 55 and 56: CHAPTER 3.6 CONOCYBE CYANOPUS - TIN
- Page 57 and 58: Figure 35 - Sclerotia of Conocybe c
- Page 59 and 60: TABLE 10 Psilocybin and Urea Conten
- Page 61 and 62: CHAPTER 4 MUSHROOM IDENTIFICATION:
- Page 63 and 64: CHAPTER 5 THE BLUING PHENOMENON AND
- Page 65 and 66: The Agaricales As Alkaloid Producer
- Page 67 and 68: Nature, but often need to be specia
- Page 69 and 70: succeeded at growing fruiting bodie
- Page 71 and 72: Figure 43 - Gymnopilus purpuratus f
- Page 73 and 74: Figure 46 - Psilocybe semilanceata
- Page 75 and 76: portions of mycelia whose texture i
- Page 77 and 78: CHAPTER 7 PSYCHOTROPIC MUSHROOM SPE
- Page 79 and 80: CHAPTER 7.1 SPOTLIGHT ON NORTH AMER
- Page 81 and 82: isolated from fruiting bodies that
- Page 83 and 84: cubensis under an old name. South A
- Page 85 and 86: possession of Psilocybe cubensis an
- Page 87 and 88: CHAPTER 7.4 EUROPEAN CUSTOMS The fi
- Page 89: Panic Reactions In cases when intox
- Page 93 and 94: CHAPTER 7.5 JAPANESE EXPERIMENTATIO
- Page 95 and 96: CHAPTER 7.6 INTOXICATIONS AND THE O
- Page 97 and 98: annular ring. The mushrooms are com
- Page 99 and 100: Figure 60 - Psilocybe samuiensis on
- Page 101 and 102: German Tourist Boom On Koh Samui an
- Page 103 and 104: psychoactivity. Even though basic r
- Page 105 and 106: short-term and patients experienced
- Page 107 and 108: Figure 62 - "Peter Pan in Kensingto
- Page 109 and 110: therapeutic settings. The alkaloid
- Page 111 and 112: moss and I saw horns. It was a kind
- Page 113 and 114: Figure 64 - Laboratory culture of P
- Page 115 and 116: Europe's only region where traditio
- Page 117 and 118: Figure 68 - Inocybe aeruginascens f
- Page 119 and 120: Figure 71 - Psilocybe stuntzii on m
- Page 121 and 122: Zauberpilzen. Helv. Chim. Acta, 42,
- Page 123 and 124: 3. General Reference Books Bresadol
- Page 125 and 126: Psilocybe species and an investigat
- Page 127 and 128: Verrill, A.E. (1914). A recent case
- Page 129 and 130: INDEX (With Active Links' Just Clic
- Page 131 and 132: Psilocybe spp., 4, 5, 9, 10-12, 14-
- Page 133: PHOTO AND ILLUSTRATION CREDITS (lis