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192. Panaeolus subbalteatus Berk.u.Br.
The cap is broadly convex, obtuse, often with a slight umbo in the middle,
usually 3-4 cm broad, sometimes up to 5 cm. Hygrophanous, reddish brown when
wet, pale and brownish to flesh-colored when dry. Margins moist to watery at times,
and banded with a dark brown stripe around the edges. Surface smooth or lightly
wrinkled, bald, rather fleshy, no veil.
The gills are reddish brown when young, later on sooty or black, gill spacing
is rather crowded and bulgy, gills are 7-8 mm wide and somewhat thick. Gills are
initially attached to the stem, and detached later on.
The spores are almost lemon-shaped, 13-14u long and 8-9,u wide, smooth,
black and opaque.
The stems are slender, 4-8 cm in length and uniformly thick (3-4 mm,
sometimes up to 5 mm). Stems are often curvy and reddish brown in color; silkyfibrous
with a slight ring at the top. Stems are narrowly tubular and break easily.
The flesh is pale and odorless with a mild taste.
Habitat and season: The mushroom grows cespitosely to gregariously from
June through October in grassy areas. It particularly thrives on fertilized fields and
pastures, but occurs there comparatively less often.
Figure 27 - Description of Panaeolus subbalteatus by Michael & Schulz from
1927 (with English translation below).
Figure 28 - First description of a Panaeolus intoxication in Germany (1957). Symptoms are
compared to those of alcohol poisoning, such as difficulties standing or walking, incoherent or
inappropriate laughter and talking, and visions of objects moving or dancing. Other symptoms include
remarkable hallucinations with splendid color combinations, as well as red eyes and dilated pupils.