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Figure 58 - Woodcut entitled "Cooking Witches" by Baldung Grien (1514). Such cultural practices undoubtedly included familiarity with psychotropic mushrooms, even though such knowledge was considered pagan at the time. The practice of "witchcraft" was maligned and accused witches were persecuted, tortured and executed, as the Christian Inquisition was desperate to suppress pagan beliefs and wisdom.
CHAPTER 7.5 JAPANESE EXPERIMENTATION Mushroom species containing psilocybin are also found in Japan. Tales about the infamous "Laughing Mushroom" date as far back as the Middle Ages. An account from the 11th century became famous: Several lumberjacks from Kyoto got lost in the woods for reasons that remain unknown. Suddenly they encountered four or five Buddhist nuns, whose behavior did not at all conform to expectations: instead of immersing themselves into their inner selves in a quiet quest for Nirvana, the search for Absolute Nothingness, these daughters of Buddha were found dancing and laughing. It turned out that the nuns had also gotten lost in the woods and dealt with their hunger by eating some delicious mushrooms. The faithful nuns soon discovered, however, that they could not stop dancing and laughing. The lumberjacks's stomachs, in the meantime, had also begun to growl and, thinking that what was good for the nuns was good enough for them, the lumberjacks ate some of the mushrooms as well. Soon after, they also succumbed to overwhelming fits of laughter and the urge to dance.... The linguistic moral of the story: since that time, the mushrooms in question have been referred to in Japanese as - "maitake" (Dancing Mushrooms) and later on - "waraitake" (Laughing Mushrooms). For a long time, the species thought to be responsible for these symptoms were identified in the mycological literature as Panaeolus papilionaceus and as Gymnopilus spectabilis ("giant laughing mushroom"). However, today we know that the former is a species from Europe and North America which does not contain any psychoactive substances, while even Japanese authors have been unable, since 1980, to confirm the existence of psilocybin and its derivatives in the latter Gymnopilus species. Only inactive substances have been found in Gymnopilus spectabilis. In Japan, the investigation of these mushrooms has a long tradition: There is evidence that mushrooms have been cultivated in Japan for no less than 2,000 years, by collecting naturally grown mycelia of Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Singer and transferring onto pieces of wood selected to serve as new substrates. Incidentally, literary sources from China also attest to knowledge about mushrooms from that country, where such mushrooms were said to be the cause of a (temporary) "disease of dry laughter". Still, the reports about an irresistible urge to dance constitutes a rather unusual effect of psilocybin, from our current point of view. While psilocybin is initially known to cause fits of laughter, this phase is generally followed by a state of relaxation and a drop in levels of physical activity. It is likely that, in this case, medieval Japanese mentality was a cultural factor that modified the specific expression of an altered state of consciousness. Aside from the two disputed mushroom species mentioned above, several psychoactive Psilocybe species can be found in Japan. There are several known cases of accidental ingestion that occurred during the 20th century, resulting in psilocybin syndromes without inducing fits of dancing. For example, in 1932, S. Imai described cases of intoxications from 1929 and 1931 which involved his newly classified species Stropharia caerulescens. Later on, the species was named Stropharia venenata Imai, which grows on top of wood and dung. Today, it is being classified within the genus Psilocybe as a close relative of Psilocybe cubensis. Imai mentions an event that occurred on June 21, 1929: A 43-year-old woman collected about 13 oz. of a type of mushroom that she erroneously thought to be honey mushrooms (Armillaria mellea). The following day, she prepared a tasty mushroom meal and served it to her family. As family members began to notice the effects, they immediately went to see a doctor, who determined that the woman was experiencing the
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JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC MUSHROOMS Around
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TABLE OF CONTENT (With Active Links
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FOREWORD WHO WAS THE FIRST MAGICIAN
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CHAPTER 1 I BELIEVE THE TIME HAS CO
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semilanceata played an important ro
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eaction to Leary's markedly unortho
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Mr. E Branl, on a poisonous Species
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Stalks generally single, sometimes
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189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. [Wo
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a forest clearing between a creek a
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thoughts - later on I discovered th
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Biochemical precursor of psilocybin
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CHAPTER 3.2 PSILOCYBE CYANESCENS -
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from the mycelia. For instance, oth
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Figure 24 - Psilocybe cyanescens at
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however, did not include any rough
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CHAPTER 3.3 PANAEOLUS SUBBALTEATUS
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192. Panaeolus subbalteatus Berk.u.
Page 41 and 42: maps showing distribution patterns
Page 43 and 44: (age 11) experienced cramps and los
Page 45 and 46: about deaths following ingestion of
Page 47 and 48: Figure 32 - Description of Inocybe
Page 49 and 50: Unlike species of thin-fleshed Psil
Page 51 and 52: CHAPTER 3.5 GYMNOPILUS PURPURATUS -
Page 53 and 54: incurved later, occasional blue sta
Page 55 and 56: CHAPTER 3.6 CONOCYBE CYANOPUS - TIN
Page 57 and 58: Figure 35 - Sclerotia of Conocybe c
Page 59 and 60: TABLE 10 Psilocybin and Urea Conten
Page 61 and 62: CHAPTER 4 MUSHROOM IDENTIFICATION:
Page 63 and 64: CHAPTER 5 THE BLUING PHENOMENON AND
Page 65 and 66: The Agaricales As Alkaloid Producer
Page 67 and 68: Nature, but often need to be specia
Page 69 and 70: succeeded at growing fruiting bodie
Page 71 and 72: Figure 43 - Gymnopilus purpuratus f
Page 73 and 74: Figure 46 - Psilocybe semilanceata
Page 75 and 76: portions of mycelia whose texture i
Page 77 and 78: CHAPTER 7 PSYCHOTROPIC MUSHROOM SPE
Page 79 and 80: CHAPTER 7.1 SPOTLIGHT ON NORTH AMER
Page 81 and 82: isolated from fruiting bodies that
Page 83 and 84: cubensis under an old name. South A
Page 85 and 86: possession of Psilocybe cubensis an
Page 87 and 88: CHAPTER 7.4 EUROPEAN CUSTOMS The fi
Page 89 and 90: Panic Reactions In cases when intox
Page 91: popularity. However, it is possible
Page 95 and 96: CHAPTER 7.6 INTOXICATIONS AND THE O
Page 97 and 98: annular ring. The mushrooms are com
Page 99 and 100: Figure 60 - Psilocybe samuiensis on
Page 101 and 102: German Tourist Boom On Koh Samui an
Page 103 and 104: psychoactivity. Even though basic r
Page 105 and 106: short-term and patients experienced
Page 107 and 108: Figure 62 - "Peter Pan in Kensingto
Page 109 and 110: therapeutic settings. The alkaloid
Page 111 and 112: moss and I saw horns. It was a kind
Page 113 and 114: Figure 64 - Laboratory culture of P
Page 115 and 116: Europe's only region where traditio
Page 117 and 118: Figure 68 - Inocybe aeruginascens f
Page 119 and 120: Figure 71 - Psilocybe stuntzii on m
Page 121 and 122: Zauberpilzen. Helv. Chim. Acta, 42,
Page 123 and 124: 3. General Reference Books Bresadol
Page 125 and 126: Psilocybe species and an investigat
Page 127 and 128: Verrill, A.E. (1914). A recent case
Page 129 and 130: INDEX (With Active Links' Just Clic
Page 131 and 132: Psilocybe spp., 4, 5, 9, 10-12, 14-
Page 133: PHOTO AND ILLUSTRATION CREDITS (lis
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Jochen Gartz - Magic Mushrooms Around the ... - preterhuman.net

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