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Figure 55 - Giant mushroom sculpture from Kerala, India. There is considerable debate among experts about the significance and purpose of the sculpture. Figure 56 - Magic mushrooms & water buffalo t-shirt from Thailand, designed for the Western tourist market.
CHAPTER 7.1 SPOTLIGHT ON NORTH AMERICA AND HAWAII In 1961, V.E. Tyler became the first investigator to report the detection of psilocybin in Psilocybe pelliculosa (Smith) Singer & Smith, a North American mushroom species. One year later, two research groups, working independently, discovered psilocybin, as well as psilocin, in samples of Psilocybe baeocystis Singer & Smith from the Pacific Northwest region of North America. Additional chemical and taxonomic findings on that region's mycoflora have been published up to the present day. This area includes the states of Washington (USA), British Columbia (Canada) and western Oregon (USA). The region is considered a major center of psychoactive mushroom use in North America. Some areas along the U.S. Gulf states have acquired similar reputations. In 1966, Heim and his colleagues reported that an unknown Psilocybe species had been confiscated in Canada. The mushrooms appeared to be very similar to Psilocybe semilanceata. Shortly thereafter, A.H. Smith determined that the same mushroom species was popular among students in Vancouver. It wasn't long before Psilocybe semilanceata was recognized as a species quite common throughout the Pacific Northwest. Moreover, the mushrooms turned out to indistinguishable from European Psilocybe semilanceata samples. The Spread of Psilocybe semilanceata From the late 1960s onward, Psilocybe semilanceata usage increased, particularly in areas between the Pacific Ocean and the Cascade Mountains that range from Southern Oregon north to British Columbia. It is likely that during these years, Tom Robbins's popular book "Another Roadside Attraction " significantly contributed to the mushroom's increasing popularity. Today, Psilocybe semilanceata is the most widely used species in the Pacific Northwest, and its habitat is expanding into pasture lands east of the Cascade Mountains. As in Great Britain, the mushroom is referred to as "Liberty Cap" in the United States. Psilocybe semilanceata has the reputation of being one of the most potent species without generally causing unwanted physical side effects (also see Chapter 3-1). As indicated in previous chapters, recurrent claims about different types of effects from different psychoactive species should be systematically studied, including comprehensive biochemical analyses. These research efforts will likely uncover new biodynamic ingredients. Another factor that accounts for different types of effects is the variability in levels of alkaloid content. In the course of casual experimentation it is also not uncommon for a number of expectations to become self-fulfilling. The assumption that Psilocybe baeocystis (see Figure 72, p. 119), a strongly bluing species, causes a comparatively larger number of physical problems than other species is undoubtedly rooted in the mushroom's "reputation" as being the only Psilocybe species to date responsible for the only known fatality involving Psilocybe baeocystis - a child who died after eating some of these mushrooms (see Chapter 8 for more details on this incident). Psilocybe baeocystis primarily grows in inland areas of the Pacific Northwest, on top of wood debris and on lawns in parks. It is a species that can often be found and collected on school and university campuses. Psilocybe pelliculosa, a mushroom mentioned in previous chapters, is a species also known as "Liberty Cap". Macroscopically, it is extremely difficult to distinguish from Psilocybe semilanceata. Unlike the latter species, however, Psilocybe pelliculosa will grow in forests on wood chips and sawdust. Beug and Bigwood were able to furnish analytical proof in support of the claim that Psilocybe pelliculosa is weaker in its psychotropic effects than comparable species. Psilocybe pelliculosa contains about 30-50% of the amount of psilocybin found in Psilocybe cyanescens (slang names: Blue wavy, Cyan, Grandote), a species common across the Pacific Northwest. It fruits primarily in parks, forming partial fairy rings. This species did not become popular
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JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC MUSHROOMS Around
Page 5 and 6:
TABLE OF CONTENT (With Active Links
Page 7 and 8:
FOREWORD WHO WAS THE FIRST MAGICIAN
Page 9 and 10:
CHAPTER 1 I BELIEVE THE TIME HAS CO
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semilanceata played an important ro
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eaction to Leary's markedly unortho
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Mr. E Branl, on a poisonous Species
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Stalks generally single, sometimes
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189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. [Wo
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a forest clearing between a creek a
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thoughts - later on I discovered th
Page 27 and 28: Biochemical precursor of psilocybin
Page 29 and 30: CHAPTER 3.2 PSILOCYBE CYANESCENS -
Page 31 and 32: from the mycelia. For instance, oth
Page 33 and 34: Figure 24 - Psilocybe cyanescens at
Page 35 and 36: however, did not include any rough
Page 37 and 38: CHAPTER 3.3 PANAEOLUS SUBBALTEATUS
Page 39 and 40: 192. Panaeolus subbalteatus Berk.u.
Page 41 and 42: maps showing distribution patterns
Page 43 and 44: (age 11) experienced cramps and los
Page 45 and 46: about deaths following ingestion of
Page 47 and 48: Figure 32 - Description of Inocybe
Page 49 and 50: Unlike species of thin-fleshed Psil
Page 51 and 52: CHAPTER 3.5 GYMNOPILUS PURPURATUS -
Page 53 and 54: incurved later, occasional blue sta
Page 55 and 56: CHAPTER 3.6 CONOCYBE CYANOPUS - TIN
Page 57 and 58: Figure 35 - Sclerotia of Conocybe c
Page 59 and 60: TABLE 10 Psilocybin and Urea Conten
Page 61 and 62: CHAPTER 4 MUSHROOM IDENTIFICATION:
Page 63 and 64: CHAPTER 5 THE BLUING PHENOMENON AND
Page 65 and 66: The Agaricales As Alkaloid Producer
Page 67 and 68: Nature, but often need to be specia
Page 69 and 70: succeeded at growing fruiting bodie
Page 71 and 72: Figure 43 - Gymnopilus purpuratus f
Page 73 and 74: Figure 46 - Psilocybe semilanceata
Page 75 and 76: portions of mycelia whose texture i
Page 77: CHAPTER 7 PSYCHOTROPIC MUSHROOM SPE
Page 81 and 82: isolated from fruiting bodies that
Page 83 and 84: cubensis under an old name. South A
Page 85 and 86: possession of Psilocybe cubensis an
Page 87 and 88: CHAPTER 7.4 EUROPEAN CUSTOMS The fi
Page 89 and 90: Panic Reactions In cases when intox
Page 91 and 92: popularity. However, it is possible
Page 93 and 94: CHAPTER 7.5 JAPANESE EXPERIMENTATIO
Page 95 and 96: CHAPTER 7.6 INTOXICATIONS AND THE O
Page 97 and 98: annular ring. The mushrooms are com
Page 99 and 100: Figure 60 - Psilocybe samuiensis on
Page 101 and 102: German Tourist Boom On Koh Samui an
Page 103 and 104: psychoactivity. Even though basic r
Page 105 and 106: short-term and patients experienced
Page 107 and 108: Figure 62 - "Peter Pan in Kensingto
Page 109 and 110: therapeutic settings. The alkaloid
Page 111 and 112: moss and I saw horns. It was a kind
Page 113 and 114: Figure 64 - Laboratory culture of P
Page 115 and 116: Europe's only region where traditio
Page 117 and 118: Figure 68 - Inocybe aeruginascens f
Page 119 and 120: Figure 71 - Psilocybe stuntzii on m
Page 121 and 122: Zauberpilzen. Helv. Chim. Acta, 42,
Page 123 and 124: 3. General Reference Books Bresadol
Page 125 and 126: Psilocybe species and an investigat
Page 127 and 128: Verrill, A.E. (1914). A recent case
Page 129 and 130:
INDEX (With Active Links' Just Clic
Page 131 and 132:
Psilocybe spp., 4, 5, 9, 10-12, 14-
Page 133:
PHOTO AND ILLUSTRATION CREDITS (lis
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