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Health systems in transition Latvia All educational programmes are accredited. Social care professionals are taught in P. Stradins Health and Social Care College and in Daugavpils College of Medicine. The duration of studies is two years. Continuing professional development of health care practitioners can be undertaken under their own initiative and expense. To work as an independent practitioner, it is necessary to receive certification and re-certification as described above. Re-certification takes place every five years and depends upon successfully undertaking and passing specific courses organized by the professional associations. The courses are offered in the Institute of Post- Graduate Education of Medicine, University of Latvia or on the premises of particular departments of multi-profile hospitals. Regarding educational standards, within the Riga Stradins University and Faculty of Medicine of the University of Latvia, all programmes of study are accredited by the Ministry of Education and Science. The minimum requirements for a doctor’s professional qualifications are defined by the “Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers on the Minimum Requirements of the Educational Programme to Receive the Doctor’s Professional Qualification” (in force since July 2002). The minimum requirements for professional qualifications of dentists, pharmacists, nurses and midwives are defined by the “Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers on the Minimum Requirements of Educational Programmes for Dentists, Pharmacists, Nurses and Midwives Professional Qualification” (in force since February 2002). The programmes of the different courses are worked out by the respective professional associations and are approved within joint meetings of the associations. There are no differences between public or private institutions in the training requirements for health professionals. Registration/licensing Article 26 of the “Law on Medical Treatment” (1997) determines that only approved and certificated health care practitioners can provide health care services independently and in accordance with their respective competency. Health care practitioners are entered into the unified nationwide information system, the Register of Medical Persons, in accordance with the Rules of the Cabinet of Ministers on the “Establishment, Fulfilment and Maintenance of the Register of Medical Persons” (in force since October 2005). This Register is maintained by the HSMTSA, and the Centre of Professional Education of Medicine. Health care practitioners receive the registration certificate of a “Treatment Person”, which is proof that the individual has been entered into the Register. 161
Health systems in transition Latvia The certificate has to be renewed once every five years, and contains information about the particular health care profession in which the health care practitioner has the right to practise. Every health care practitioner has her/his own registration number. To receive the registration certificate, the practitioner must provide proof of identity and documents proving level of education. Due to low doctor numbers and consequent shortages within Latvia, it is difficult to speak about the prevalence of any particular specialty, especially if consideration is given to the large number of doctors expected to retire in the next few years, as mentioned earlier. Training of health professionals is to conform with EU standards for mutual recognition. Latvians are free to live and work in any EU country without restrictions. Doctors’ career paths Doctors’ career paths depend very much on individual initiative, capabilities and choices. There is no standard procedure in the country regarding career development. Each young doctor begins work as a specialist within an institution, following which there are possibilities to rise to positions of chief doctor or director, depending on professional knowledge and management skills. Decisions regarding promotions within the institution are made by the board of the institution. Decisions involving the director or deputy director of the institution are made by the respective local government, based on recommendations of the departing director(s). In the case of state institutions, the head of the medical institution is appointed by the Ministry of Health. There are no data regarding the frequency and the nature of job changes in the health sector. 162
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Health Systems in Transition Vol. 1
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Keywords: DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE E
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Health systems in transition Denmar
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2. Organizational structure 2.1 Ove
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9. Conclusions In the early years o
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