Revelation 20 - In Depth Bible Commentaries

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2357 2358 2359 2360 the death and the underworld gave (up) the dead people, the ones in them, and they 2361 2362 were judged, each one according to their works. 20.14 And the death and the 2356 (...continued) passage as implying the destruction of the physical universe, but that is far from John's intention, for the events of the sixth seal give place to the inauguration of the kingdom of Christ in power and glory on the earth." (Pp. 300-301) 2357 Literally, "the death." 2358 Aune notes that “Death and hades are often equated...and the pair are personified four times in Revelation (1:18; 6:8; 20:13, 14)...They are always in this order, suggesting that ‘death’ is considered the ruler over the realm of ‘hades.’ The final elimination of death is mentioned in Revelation 21:4 and 1 Corinthians 15:26. The phrase ‘death and hades gave up the dead in them’ is problematic, for it is unlikely that the author conceives of death and hades as two separate entities.” (P. 1102) We see no indication that death is here being considered the ruler over the underworld. And we see no problem in John’s statement, since we not expect exact, precise consistency, but rather, recognize the enigmatic, puzzling nature of John’s visions, not expecting complete consistency or clarity. What do you think? 2359 The third person plural aorist verb äùêáí, edokan, “they gave (up),” is changed to the third person singular, ev ,dwken, edoken, “it gave (up),” by Alexandrinus and a few other Greek manuscripts. This variant is grammatically incorrect, since the verb has a two-fold subject. Perhaps the copyist took the two nouns to be referring to a singular subject; however, the variant reading does not change the meaning of Revelation. 2360 The phrase íåêñïò ôïò í áôïò, nekrous tous en autois, “dead people, the ones in them,” is changed to read í áôïò íåêñïò, “in them, dead people,” by Uncial Manuscript 051, Minuscules 1854, 2030 and the “Majority Text” (A). The variant does not change the meaning of Revelation. 2361 The aorist passive verb êñßèçóáí, ekrithesan, “they were judged,” is changed to the prefixed verb katekri,qhsan, katekrithesan, perhaps implying “they were condemned,” by Sinaiticus. The variant reading does not change the meaning of Revelation, but once again demonstrates the freedom felt by copyists to slightly “editorialize” the text being copied. 2362 The genitive plural personal pronoun áôí, auton, “their,” is changed to the genitive singular form of the pronoun auvtou/, autou, “his,” by the “Majority Text” (K) and some manuscripts of the Sahidic Coptic. We think this variant reading is in the form of a grammatical correction of the original text, in which the antecedent of the pronoun is the singular e`,kastoj, hekastos, “each one.” 1044
2363 2364 2365 2366 underworld were thrown into the lake of fire. This is the second death, the lake of 2367 2368 fire. 20.15 And if anyone was not found having been written in the scroll of the life, that 2363 Compare Paul's statement in 1 Corinthians 15:26, "The last enemy to be destroyed is death." In verses 54-55 he states, "...Then the saying that is written will come true: 'Death has been swallowed up in victory.' 'Where, O death, is your victory? Where, O death, is your sting?'" Paul is quoting Isaiah 25:8 and Hosea 13:14. Aune comments that “The suggestion that death and hades...could share the fate of the enemies of God (19:20; 20:10) seems problematic [again, we see no problem, since we expect such puzzling, enigmatic elements in biblical prophecy]. There are at least two ways of understanding ths significance of this statement: (1) It could simply be a way of referring to the [final] elimination of death (compare Revelation 21:4; 1 Corinthians 15:26). (2) More probably, however, ‘death and hades’ here stand for all the unrighteous dead in accord with verse 15, where it is stated that all whose names were not found in the book of life were cast into the lake of fire.” (P. 1103) 2364 Immediately before the demonstrative pronoun ïôïò, houtos, “this,” the conjunction kai, kai, “and,” is interpolated into the text by Sinaiticus. We have seen this copyist shortening the text on many occasions; here he lengthens the text. The interpolation does not change the meaning of Revelation. 2365 Aune comments that “Explanatory remarks made within the context of visions regularly make use of the present tense.” (P. 1076) 2366 The phrase èÜíáôïò äåýôåñüò, thanatos ho deuteros, literally “death, the second one,” is changed to read äåýôåñüò èÜíáôïò, “second death,” by Sinaiticus, Minuscule 1611 (see), and a few other Greek manuscripts. This is simply another way of saying the same thing, but again, slightly reduces the number of words found in the text. It does not change the meaning of Revelation. 2367 The entire sentence, ïôïò èÜíáôïò äåýôåñüò óôéí, ëßìíç ôï ðõñüò, houtos ho thanatos ho deuteros estin, he limne tou puros, literally “This, the death, the second one, is–the lake of the fire,” is omitted by Uncial Manuscript 051, Minuscule 2053 (the text), 2062 (the text), the “Majority Text” (A), the Old Latin Manuscripts a, sin, the Bohairic Coptic, and Augustine (who died 430 A.D.). We think this is another example of the eye of the copyist skipping from the first occurrence of ðõñüò, puros to its second occurrence, and as a result, leaving out the intervening words. Aune comments that “This sentence is...problematic, for how can death and hades experience the second death when they have not experienced the first (i.e., physical) death?” (P. 1103; compare footnote 2363). Once again, we think that such a question can only be asked by those expecting clear, logically consistent statements in prophetic visions. There is (continued...) 1045
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THE THOUSAND YEAR VICTORY OVER EVIL
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2259 2260 2261 2262 2263 key of the
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2264 2265 2266 2267 2268 2269 drago
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2265 (...continued) serpent, places
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2270 2271 2272 2273 / satan and he
Page 11 and 12: 2271 (...continued) Isaiah 24:21-23
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Page 15 and 16: 2271 (...continued) Tobit 8:2-3, Th
Page 17 and 18: 2272 (...continued) 1 Chronicles 16
Page 19 and 20: 2274 2275 2276 2277 2278 and locked
Page 21 and 22: 2279 The verb plana,w, planao, "to
Page 23 and 24: 2284 (...continued) him to be loose
Page 25 and 26: 2289 2290 2291 2292 them; and the i
Page 27 and 28: 2289 (...continued) ed Neo-Babylon,
Page 29 and 30: 2289 (...continued) ed over to him
Page 31 and 32: 2294 2295 2296 2297 nor his image,
Page 33 and 34: 2299 (...continued) There is a conf
Page 35 and 36: 2304 2305 20.5 The rest of the dead
Page 37 and 38: 2307 (...continued) rection...Antit
Page 39 and 40: 2309 (...continued) ‘soul,’ on
Page 41 and 42: 2312 2313 2314 with him [the] thous
Page 43 and 44: 2317 2318 2319 released from his pr
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Page 47 and 48: 2326 2327 2328 war -of whom their n
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Page 51 and 52: 2333 (...continued) beloved city,
Page 53 and 54: day and night into the ages of the
Page 55 and 56: 2345 2346 2347 the face of Whom the
Page 57 and 58: 2348 2349 20.12 And I saw the dead
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Page 61: 2354 (...continued) Newport well st
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Revelation 20 - In Depth Bible Commentaries

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