Smoking and mental health - NCSCT

Epidemiology of the association between smoking and mental disorders 4
Relative risk (RR)
Relative risk (RR)
Study or subgroup IV, random, 95% Cl IV, random, 95% Cl
Adults
Batterham 2009 2.51 [1.94, 3.24]
Brown 1996b i 0.90 [0.48, 1.70]
Brown 1996b ii 1.80 (1.05, 3.10]
Flensborg-Madsen 2011 i 2.14 [1.11, 4.13]
Flensborg-Madsen 2011 ii 2.33 [1.49, 3.65]
Kang 2010d 5.83 [1.68, 20.28]
Korhonen 2007 i 1.42 [1.07, 1.89]
Korhonen 2007 i 0.95 [0.75, 1.21]
Koster 2006 1.27 [0.95, 1.69]
Luijendijk 2008 1.89 [0.91, 3.92]
Melchior 2009 1.33 [1.13, 1.57]
Murphy 2003 1.33 [0.91, 1.95]
Paffenbarger 1994 1.43 [1.12, 1.83]
Pasco 2008 2.52 [1.29, 4.95]
Strawbridge 2002 2.23 [1.33, 3.74]
Tanaka 2011 i 1.01 [0.50, 2.05]
Tanaka 2011 ii 2.09 [0.97, 4.51]
Van der Velden 2007 1.05 [0.60, 1.84]
Van Gool 2006 1.49 [0.91, 2.44]
Subtotal (95% CI) 1.56 [1.32, 1.83]
Heterogeneity, tau 2 = 0.07; chi 2 = 53.76, df = 18 (p < 0.0001) I 2 = 67%
Test for overall effect: Z = 5.37 (p < 0.00001)
Adolescents
Albers 2002 1.74 [0.96, 3.14]
Brook 2002 1.08 [0.96, 1.21]
Brown 1996a 1.89 [1.04, 3.45]
Choi 1997 i 1.86 [1.19, 2.92]
Choi 1997 ii 2.05 [1.38, 3.04]
Clark 2006 1.29 [0.97, 1.72]
Duncan 2005 i 1.05 [0.77, 1.43]
Duncan 2005 ii 1.79 [1.34, 2.39]
Georrigades 2007 0.69 [0.26, 1.85]
Gilpin 2004 1.46 [1.04, 2.05]
Lam 2005 2.17 [1.40, 3.36]
Park 2009b 0.91 [0.29, 2.89]
Wu 1999 1.66 [1.28, 2.16]
Subtotal (95% CI) 1.49 [1.25, 1.77]
Heterogeneity, tau 2 = 0.06; chi 2 = 38.18, df = 12 (p = 0.0001) I 2 = 69%
Test for overall effect: Z = 4.44 (p < 0.00001)
Test for subgroup differences: chi 2 = 0.14, df = 1 (p = 0.71) I 2 = 0%
0.1 0.2 0.5
Smoking decreases risk
1 2 5 10
Smoking increases risk
Fig 4.5 Smoking and the onset of depression: subgroup analysis based on
age of population.
adolescent girls; however, the study reported a modest significant increase in the
onset of smoking with high depressive symptoms in boys (HR = 1.03, p