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Towards 2020 – Photonics driving economic growth in Europe

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2. <strong>Photonics</strong> Research and Innovation Challenges<br />

43<br />

essential for reach<strong>in</strong>g out further <strong>in</strong>to the medical<br />

world. Additionally, it will be vital to connect with<br />

the medical <strong>in</strong>surance companies to identify and<br />

implement opportunities for public procurement.<br />

This will lead to precise, reliable, gentle and userfriendly<br />

multi-band photonics and spectroscopic<br />

methods, widely deployed <strong>in</strong> cl<strong>in</strong>ics, doctors’ practices,<br />

and other locations where they provide added<br />

value. For address<strong>in</strong>g food and water quality and<br />

safety, connections to the ETP Food for Life, the ETP<br />

Global Animal Health, and the ETP Water Supply<br />

and Sanitation would be greatly advantageous.<br />

Major photonics research & <strong>in</strong>novation<br />

challenges<br />

In preparation of the second <strong>Photonics</strong>21 strategic<br />

research agenda, Work Group 3 made an evaluation<br />

of the different application areas with<strong>in</strong> Bio photonics<br />

to establish where unfulfilled but press<strong>in</strong>g<br />

needs existed, and where the employment of multiband<br />

photonics and spectroscopic methods could<br />

really make a difference. As a result, five specific<br />

areas of health-related application fields were identified<br />

as be<strong>in</strong>g particularly important and promis<strong>in</strong>g,<br />

supplemented by further applications <strong>in</strong> the fields<br />

of the environment, food quality and security.<br />

Cells that have been coloured<br />

us<strong>in</strong>g membrane colourant.<br />

© BioImag<strong>in</strong>g Zentrum (BIZ),<br />

LMU München<br />

A non-neuronal cell of the central<br />

nervous system whose cytoskeleton<br />

has been coloured. © BioImag<strong>in</strong>g<br />

Zentrum (BIZ), LMU München<br />

Precl<strong>in</strong>ical research: Although many multi-band<br />

photonic and spectroscopic methods could already<br />

be deployed today for the benefit of the<br />

patient, the ultimate goal of precl<strong>in</strong>ical research is<br />

to under stand the orig<strong>in</strong> and progress of a disease,<br />

from the organ and tissue down to a cellular or<br />

even molecular level. This knowledge would allow<br />

detect<strong>in</strong>g, cur<strong>in</strong>g or even prevent<strong>in</strong>g diseases long<br />

before the onset of macroscopic symptoms. The<br />

prerequisite for ga<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g such a holistic understand<strong>in</strong>g<br />

of life processes are tools and methods that<br />

allow seamless observation from the macrothrough<br />

the micro- and down to the nano-level,<br />

without chang<strong>in</strong>g or disturb<strong>in</strong>g these processes.<br />

The observation should be possible with high resolution<br />

and <strong>in</strong> three dimensions, as well as with<br />

sufficient time resolution to reveal fast processes.<br />

There will be correspond<strong>in</strong>gly large demands made<br />

for data process<strong>in</strong>g and storage. Major improvements<br />

will be needed with regard to sensitivity,<br />

specificity, contrast and penetration depths.<br />

Oncology: Cancer belongs to the group of diseases<br />

whose <strong>in</strong>cidence rates often <strong>in</strong>crease with age, and<br />

it is therefore one of the fastest grow<strong>in</strong>g threats<br />

to people’s health, especially <strong>in</strong> <strong>Europe</strong>. The 5-year<br />

survival rate drops rapidly if cancer is not detected<br />

before its later stages, therefore early detection is<br />

of paramount importance. Unfortunately, for many<br />

forms of cancer, screen<strong>in</strong>g is either not possible,<br />

<strong>in</strong>effective or unpleasant (such as colonoscopy).<br />

Today’s methods of detection often lack sufficient<br />

specificity or sensitivity for the consistently<br />

early and conclusive detection of cancer. Then,

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