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Acknowledgements We would like to thank the management and staff of Oxfam GB, Oxfam Hong Kong and ActionAid Viet Nam (AAV) for their valuable comments throughout the undertaking of this assignment including design, site visits and report writing. We also appreciate the Oxfam and AAV staff who were able to join us for site visits and share their useful knowledge and experiences regarding the methodology and content of the study. We appreciate the assistance of Jago Penrose in editing of the final report. We would like to thank the People’s Committees, Departments of Foreign Affairs and line agencies at various levels in the provinces of Dien Bien, Dak Lak and Quang Tri, Hai Phong City and Gò Vp District (Ho Chi Minh City) for their permission and assistance in making the case studies possible. The proactive participation and smooth coordination of local partner institutions, Oxfam and AAV including the programme coordinators and staff at the district level as well as local NGO officers have been essential to the success of the study. Our special thanks to the village and hamlet cadres who helped facilitate our field work. Finally, we would like to express our most sincere thanks to the households in the villages and hamlets we visited and the women and men for taking their time to talk to us about the advantages and challenges they have in life as well as their comments, plans and desires in the various group discussions and individual interviews. Without their kind and proactive participation this study would have been impossible. Given the tight timeframe and the complex theme of the study, errors may exist. We would appreciate receiving comments 2 from interested readers and would like to thank you in advance. Truong Xuan (Ageless) Consultants Hoàng Xuân Thành (Team Leader) Dr. Ngô Vn Hi Đinh Th Thu Phng Phm Vit Sn Hà M Thun 2 Comments to Mr. Hoàng Xuân Thành, Team Leader, Director of Trng Xuân (Ageless) Company, (04) 39434478 (work), 091 334 0972 (mobile), email: thanhhx@gmail.com; Ms. Lê Kim Dung, Programme Coordinator, Oxfam GB, (04) 39454362, ext. 141, email: lkdung@oxfam.org.uk; and Ms. V Th Qunh Hoa, Governance Officer, ActionAid Viet Nam, (04) 39439866, ext 126, email: hoa.vuthiquynh@actionaid.org 3
Table of Contents Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 1.1 Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 1.2 Objectives and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 1.3 Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 1.3.1 Analytical Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 1.3.2 Study Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 1.3.3 Study Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 1.3.4 Study Team . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 2. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 2.1 Inflation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 2.2 Food Production and Expenditure at the Household Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 2.3 Selected Studies on Poverty Impacts of Food Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 2.4 Production, Export and Import of Agricultural Products and Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 2.4 Government Policies in Response to Inflation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 3. Impacts of Price Hikes on the Lives and Livelihoods of the Rural Poor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 3.1 Price hikes at rural study sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 3.1.1 The “double-edged” prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 3.1.2 Price Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 3.1.3 Roles of Players in the Market Chain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 3.2 Features of Rural Poor’s Livelihoods and Consumption, Buying and Selling Patterns . . . . . . . . .33 3.2.1 Rice Production Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 3.2.2 Food Expenditure Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 3.2.3 Selling and Buying Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 3.3 Impacts of Price Hikes on the Life and Livelihoods of the Rural Poor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 3.3.1 Impact on Productivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 3.3.2 Impact on Production Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 3.3.3 Impacts on Consumption Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 3.3.4 Impacts on women and children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 4. Impacts of Price Hikes on the Life and Livelihoods of the Urban Poor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 4.1 Price Hikes at Urban Study Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 4.2 Features of Urban Poor’s livelihoods and Consumption, Buying and Selling Patterns . . . . . . . . .54 4.3 Impacts of Price Hikes on the Life and Livelihoods of the Urban Poor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57 4.3.1 Impact on the Permanently Registered Poor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57 4.3.2 Impact on the Migrant Poor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 4.3.3 Impact on the Sub-urban Poor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67 5. Rising Prices, Poverty Reduction and Relevant Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69 5.1 Poverty Reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69 5.2 Relevant Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70 5.2.1 Revision of the Poverty Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70 5.2.2 Social Protection Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71 5.2.3 Review Fee Reductions to the Poor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72 5.2.4 Support Policies for the Migrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 5.2.5 Concessional Loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 5.2.6 Vocational Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76 5.2.7 Agricultural Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77 5.2.8 Implementation of Grassroots Democracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77 5.2.9 Others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78 5.2.10 New Support Policies for the Poor and Near-poor Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79 Annex: Brief description of study sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81 5
Page 3: Preface 1 Viet Nam has made strikin
Page 7 and 8: Executive Summary 1. Between May an
Page 9 and 10: Tóm tt budget. Women also tend to
Page 11 and 12: Tóm tt 34. A frequently asked ques
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Page 17 and 18: 2. Overview 2.1 Inflation Rising in
Page 19 and 20: Overview Table 2.2: Percentage of N
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Province/ City (Urban/rural) Distri
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