Understanding Infrared Thermography Reading 7 Part 2 of 2.pdf

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Newton’s cooling law defines the convective heat transfer coefficient: (h is expressed in BTU/hr-ft²-°F) rearranged: = ΔT∙h where: Rc = 1/h and is the resistance to convective heat flow Rc is also analogous to electrical resistance and is easier to use when determining combined conductive and convective heat transfer. Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Figure A-2 Convective Heat Flow Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 1 and 2: Infrared Thermal Testing Reading VI
Page 3 and 4: 6.1 Basic Elements An in-house prog
Page 5 and 6: 6.1.4 Responsibilities This section
Page 7 and 8: IR Viewing Window - Opaque Polymer
Page 9 and 10: 6.1.8 Acceptance Criteria All surve
Page 11 and 12: 6.1.9 Reporting Criteria A rigid pr
Page 13 and 14: 6.1.10 Qualification of Personnel P
Page 15 and 16: EPRI Licensed Material Basic Elemen
Page 25 and 26: 7. TRAINING AND CERTIFICATION This
Page 27 and 28: Recommended training and certificat
Page 29 and 30: ■ Level II A Level II infrared th
Page 31 and 32: The experience and education recomm
Page 33 and 34: B. Spatial Resolution • the conce
Page 35 and 36: D. Equipment Operation • Be able
Page 37 and 38: The PdM basic examination is more s
Page 39 and 40: Appendix-A The Science Of Thermogra
Page 41 and 42: Erroneous conclusions can have an e
Page 43 and 44: A.2.1 Heat and Temperature What is
Page 45 and 46: To convert changes in temperature o
Page 47 and 48: A.2.3 The Three Modes of Heat Trans
Page 49 and 50: The Fourier Conduction Law: Q/A Q =
Page 51: A.2.5 Convection Convective heat tr
Page 55 and 56: A.2.6 Radiation Radiative heat tran
Page 57 and 58: A.2.7 Radiation Exchange at the Tar
Page 59 and 60: Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 61 and 62: Figure A-4 Radiative Heat Flow W ε
Page 63 and 64: A.2.8 Specular and Diffuse Surfaces
Page 65 and 66: Specular or Diffuse Surfaces Diffus
Page 67 and 68: Specular and Diffuse Surfaces Confu
Page 69 and 70: Specular reflection is the mirror-l
Page 71 and 72: Reflections off Specular and Diffus
Page 73 and 74: The thermogram of the outside surfa
Page 75 and 76: Steady-state conduction Steady stat
Page 77 and 78: A.3 The Basic Physics of Infrared R
Page 79 and 80: A.3.1 Some Historical Background Th
Page 81 and 82: A.3.3 The Target Surface The chart
Page 83 and 84: Figure A-6 shows the distribution o
Page 85 and 86: Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 87 and 88: Two physical laws define the radian
Page 89 and 90: According to (2), the wavelength at
Page 91 and 92: Figure A-7 Spectral Distribution of
Page 93 and 94: Figure A-8 shows that the instrumen
Page 95 and 96: If the emissivity of a gray body is
Page 97 and 98: Under certain conditions, an error
Page 99 and 100: EXAM score! Non-graybody (colored b
Page 101 and 102: Figure A-10 illustrates the spectra
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Figure A-10 Infrared Transmission o
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Figure A-11 Infrared Spectral Trans
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Figure A-11 shows transmission curv
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EXAM score! Glass is opaque λ > 5
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Figure A-12 Characteristics of IR T
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The characteristics of the window m
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IR Lenses - LWIR Len Charlie Chong/
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IR Lenses - Fresnel Len Charlie Cho
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Figure A-13 Components of an Infrar
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Infrared optics are available in tw
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All infrared detector-transducers e
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Figure A-14 Typical Infrared Radiat
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Germanium Len Charlie Chong/ Fion Z
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Thermopile Detector Charlie Chong/
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The IR Detectors Infrared detectors
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Figure A-15 Spectral Sensitivity of
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The Mercury- Cadmium-telluride (Hgc
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The Mercury- Cadmium-Telluride (HgC
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Point-sensing instruments for measu
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A.3.6.1 Line Scanning The purpose o
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A.3.6.2 Two-Dimensional Scanning Th
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Opto-mechanical Scanner A typical c
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Electronic scanning Electronic scan
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Figure A-18 Schematic of a Typical
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Applications for infrared FPAs incl
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Staring Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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A.4.1 Point-Sensing Instruments For
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Temperature sensitivity is also cal
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EXAM score! thermal resolution (≠
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NETD - Noise Equivalent Temperature
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Figure A-19 Instrument Speed of Res
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Figure A-20 Fields of View of Infra
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Figure A-20 Fields of View of Infra
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The output requirements are totally
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Spectrally selective instruments em
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Figure A-21 Spectral Filtering for
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Figure A-22 shows a similar solutio
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A.4.2 Scanners and Imagers.Qualitat
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• Total field of view (TFOV): the
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Despite some manufacturers’ claim
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A.4.3.1 Temperature Sensitivity, Mi
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Figure A-23 Test Setup for MRTD Mea
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A.4.3.2 Spot Size (FOV) , Instantan
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■ A standard 4 bar (slit) resolut
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Both MRTD and MTF are functions of
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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IFOVmeas: The slit width at which t
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FPA Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang http:
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FPA Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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A.4.3.3 Speed of Response and Frame
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A.4.4 Thermal Imaging Software In o
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The newest field-portable instrumen
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Appendix B Measuring Emissivity, Re
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Figure B-1 Target Radiosity Charlie
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The reference emitter technique wor
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1. Apply the reference emitter (E)
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B.2.2 Reflective Emissivity Techniq
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Figure B-3 Using the Reflective Emi
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Figure B-4 Using the Transmittance
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Appendix C Quick Reference Charts A
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MTF Determination Using An Ir Image
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Measuring And Setting Effective Emi
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Classification Of Faults (Guideline
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Reading: Four Emissivity: Understan
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Figure 1 shows a typical three-phas
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Figure IR1: Corresponding infrared
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Thermal radiation and properties of
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The thermal nature of materials. Ma
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So in plain English, when the therm
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Figure 2: Stainless steel block. (a
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Observed with our thermal imager (w
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Can you see my eye glasses in the i
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How can the thermal imager’s read
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When we remove the block from the o
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In this experiment we see that the
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang http://ww
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Using a narrow band filter to measu
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Emissivity, the variable’s variab
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Emissivity and electrical equipment
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In manufacturing processes, steel o
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In this case, we have another power
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Figure IR1: Corresponding infrared
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Figure 7: Measuring the loads on a
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Summary Predictive maintenance PDM
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It is much like most endeavors in l
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Good Luck Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Charlie https://www.yumpu.com/en/br
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