Odonata - Entomological Society of Latvia - Latvijas Daba

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3.2. THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF DRAGONFLY IMAGINES IN MICROHABITATS OF RAISED BOGS Communities study. The most abundant species were Enallagma cyathigerum, Lestes sponsa and Leucorrhinia albifrons (Table 4). There was a small variation in the mean number of dragonfly species among the eight habitats (Figure 5), no significant difference (Mann – Whitney U test p=0.467>0.05). Table 4. The recorded dragonfly species and their abundance (number of adult individuals) in Sudas-Zviedru Bog and Lielais Ķemeru Bog in Latvia in 2007. Taxon Abundance Suborder Zygoptera Sudas-Zviedru Bog Lielais Ķemeru Bog Enallagma cyathigerum Charpentier, 1840 664 1635 Lestes sponsa Hansemann, 1823 94 207 Erythromma najas (Hansemann, 1823) 23 133 Coenagrion lunulatum Charpentier, 1840 2 0 Calopteryx splendens (Harris 1782) 0 1 Suborder Anisoptera Leucorrhinia albifrons (Burmeister, 1839) 69 133 Leucorrhinia dubia (Vander Linden, 1825) 4 0 Libellula quadrimaculata (Linnaeus, 1758) 1 22 Anax imperator Leach,1815 1 5 Aeshna grandis (Linnaeus 1758) 2 3 Aeshna juncea (Linnaeus 1758) 1 4 Aeshna subarctica Walker, 1908 1 0 Sympetrum danae (Sulzer, 1776) 1 1 Sympetrum flaveolum (Linnaeus 1758) 0 2 6,5 6 5,5 Number of dragonfly species 5 4,5 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 Open pools Pools among pines Open lake shores Deep pools Forested lake shores Shallow pools Forested bog Open bog Type of sampling plot Figure 5. Mean number of the dragonfly species in various bog habitats (four sampling plots in each habitat: two sampling plots in Sudas-Zviedru Bog and two sampling plots in Lielais Ķemeru Bog) in 2007. Standard deviation is shown above the bars. 57
The Calluna vulgaris and Andromeda polifolia vegetation structure had the largest mean percent cover in transects, i.e. on average 24.8% of the area of sampling plots and open water area, i.e. on average, 21.7% of the area of sampling plot, respectively (Figure 6). % 30,0 25,0 20,0 15,0 10,0 5,0 0,0 Water Lielais Ķemeru Bog Sudas-Zviedru Bog Water with Sphagnum mosses Wet sunken Sphagnum mosses Sphagnum mosses with Carex limosa Hummocks of Sphagnum mosses Sphagnum mosses with Eriophorum spp. water and vegetation structures Sphagnum mosses with Rhynchospora alba, Scheuchzeria palustris Ledum palustre and Vaccinium uliginosum Calluna vulgaris and Andromeda polyfolia High Carex spp. Figure 6. Mean percent cover of water and vegetation structures in sampling plots in Sudas-Zviedru Bog (16 sampling plots) and Lielais Ķemeru Bog (16 sampling plots) in 2007. The DCA analysis identified a gradient of dragonfly species that were related to cover of immerged Sphagnum mosses, Calluna vulgaris with Andromeda polifolia as well as the open water (Figure 7). DCA Axis 1 separated dragonfly communities on their vertical distribution in relation to vegetation structure. On the right side of the ordination are species such as Leucorrhinia dubia, which fly low ower macrophytes, such as Erythromma najas, which fly very close to the surface of water. In the middle of the ordination dragonfly species such as Lestes sponsa, Leucorrhinia albifrons, whose individuals are usually seen on caulescent plants of different heights and small shrubs at shores of bog water bodies. On the left side of the ordination are species such as Anax imperator and Aeshna juncea, which fly high over water or vegetation. DCA Axis 2 is related to a moisture gradient from open water and water with Sphagnum moss at the bottom and relatively dry microhabitats (Calluna vulgaris and Andromeda polifolia) at the top. Aeshna juncea, Aeshna grandis and Anax imperator which patrol above water are located at the bottom of the ordination. Also Lestes sponsa, Enallagma cyathigerum and Leucorrhinia albifrons appear to be related to the vegetation close to water, Leucorrhinia dubia was associated with dry sites comparatively far away from water bodies. There was a significant correlation of sites between the number of dragonfly species in sampling plots and the cover of open surface (r=0.450, p≤0.05, n=30) as well as between the number of dragonfly species and water with Sphagnum mosses (r=0.376, p≤0.05, n=30). There was also a close positive correlation between open water cover and E. cyathigerum (r=0.645, p≤0.01, n=30) and also L. albifrons (r=0.578, p≤0.01, n=30). There was also a close positive correlation between E. cyathigerum and the Ledum palustre and Vaccinium uliginosum vegetation type (r=560, p≤0.01, n=30). 58
Page 1 and 2:
LATVIJAS UNIVERSITĀTE Bioloģijas
Page 3 and 4:
SATURS / CONTENT 1. IEVADS.........
Page 5 and 6:
1.2. PĒTĪJUMA MĒRĶIS, DARBA UZD
Page 7 and 8: Citas publikācijas Kalniņš M., J
Page 9 and 10: 2. MATERIĀLI UN METODES Pamatdati.
Page 11 and 12: izmantota standartizēta paraugu ie
Page 13 and 14: 3. REZULTĀTI 3.1. SPĀRU FAUNISTIS
Page 15 and 16: Dati par spārēm aptver 839 kvadr
Page 17 and 18: 3. tabulas turpinājums Taksons Aes
Page 19 and 20: Pēc procentuālā seguma transekt
Page 21 and 22: 3.3. GOMPHIDAE DZIMTAS SPĀRU KĀPU
Page 23 and 24: 11. attēls. Nehalennia speciosa iz
Page 25 and 26: Ophiogomphus cecilia. Suga konstat
Page 27 and 28: 16. attēls. Leucorrhinia pectorali
Page 29 and 30: sugas ar ļoti plašiem vai plašie
Page 31 and 32: faktors ir tas, cik kokaugu veģet
Page 33 and 34: sastopama oļu un akmeņu mikrobiot
Page 35 and 36: Salīdzinot sugas apdzīvotos bioto
Page 37 and 38: meklējumiem īpaši aizsargājamo
Page 39: 6. PATEICĪBAS Paldies darba vadīt
Page 42 and 43: The Doctoral thesis was developed i
Page 44 and 45: 1.2. THE AIM, TASKS AND THESES The
Page 46 and 47: Kalniņš M. 2006. The distribution
Page 48 and 49: 2. MATERIAL AND METHODS Basic data.
Page 50 and 51: 2.3. RESEARCH OF THE OCCURRENCE AND
Page 52 and 53: Figure 1. The location of dragonfly
Page 54 and 55: Table 2. Potential southern species
Page 56 and 57: unneum (Table 3). 59 distribution m
Page 60 and 61: Figure 7. Correlation between veget
Page 62 and 63: Pe 5% Gr 15% Co 12% Ma 3% Mu 26% De
Page 64 and 65: Figure 12. A distribution of Aeshna
Page 66 and 67: Figure 14. A distribution of Leucor
Page 68 and 69: 4. DISCUSSION 4.1. THE CHANGES IN D
Page 70 and 71: many other issues are not specific
Page 72 and 73: habitats of open or wooded bogs. Ac
Page 74 and 75: of its localities. This general cor
Page 76 and 77: Figure 19. A distribution of Aeshna
Page 78 and 79: suitability of a habitat is charact
Page 80 and 81: 6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My thanks to my
Page 82 and 83: De Marmels J., Schiess H. 1977. Zum
Page 84 and 85: Niemelä J., Kotze J., Ashworth A.,
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Odonata - Entomological Society of Latvia - Latvijas Daba

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