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16 TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CAROTENOIDS among women with higher lutein/zeaxanthin intakes. No SNPs were region-wide significantly associated with plasma β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, or retinol. This study confirms that variants in BCMO1±20 kilobases are associated with plasma carotenoid levels and may be useful markers of carotenoid exposure in future studies. 1.14. Antioxidant capacity of crude extracts of carotenoids from the berries of various cultivars of sea buckthorn Michał Kruczek1 , Adam Świderski1 , Aleksandra Mech-Nowak 1 , Katarzyna Król2 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture in Kraków, al. 29-Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland, kruczek.michael@gmail.com, aswider@ogr.ar.krakow.pl, aleksandra.mech.nowak@gmail.com 2The Fruit Experiment Station in Brzezna, Brzezna 1, 33-386 Podegrodzie, Poland, krol@brzezna.pl Comparative analysis of antioxidant capacity of crude extracts containing carotenoids obtained from fruits of sea buckthorn harvested in 2010 were conducted using FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) method. The study included nine cultivars of sea buckthorn growing in the comparative cultivation at the Fruit Experiment Station in Brzezna near Nowy Sącz. In Poland, sea buckthorn fruits and preserves obtained from them are not very well known because Sea Buckthorn are encountered occasionally as ornamental tree. However sea buckthorn is more known and cultivated at Northern Europe and Asia (Mech- Nowak et al., 2011). These fruits are regarded as a valuable for health in folk medicine. Recently, more and more fruits of sea buckthorn are the feedstock for production of many emerging on the world market drugs supporting health (Stahl and Sies, 2003). Therefore, there is a need for assessment of suitability for the cultivation of sea buckthorn in Poland, that are already known in Europe, including the evaluation of health-oriented values of obtained fruits. Conducted analysis allowed to compare the antioxidant capacity of extracts of carotenoids using the spectrophotometric method of FRAP as well as DAD-HPLC methods. FRAP analysis showed that the highest antioxidant capacity was demonstrated by three of the sea buckthorn cultivars: Botanicheskaya, Avgustinka and Luchistaya. However HPLC methods provided the evidence that highest carotenoid content was observed in three other cultivars: Aromatnaya, Moskvichka and Arumnyj. Other antioxidants such as tocoferols might be involved. We thank Anna Kostecka-Gugała for consultation regarding FRAP. This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, grant no NN 312 252 536. REFERENCES RANJITH A et al. 2006. Fatty Acids, Tocols, and Carotenoids in Pulp Oil of Three Sea Buckthorn Species (Hippophae rhamnoides, H. salicifolia, and H. tibetana) Grown in the Indian Himalayas. STAHL W. and SIES H. 2003. Antioxidant activity of carotenoids. Molecular Aspects of Medicine 24: 345-351. MECH-NOWAK A, ŚWIDERSKI A, KROL K. 2011. Carotenoid content in berries of selected cultivars of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) grown in the Malopolska province in Poland, VII International Scientific Conference, Lviv, abstract book, 338-339. 1.15. Infant plasma response to lutein in formula and human milk Pamela Price, Amy Mackey, Jeffery Oliver, Daniel Albrecht, Matthew J. Kuchan Abbott Nutrition, 3300 Stelzer Road Columbus, OH 43219 USA, Pamela.Price@abbott.com, Amy.Mackey@abbott.com, Jeffery.Oliver@abbott.com, Daniel.Albrecht@abbott.com, Matthew.Kuchan@abbott.com Wide variations of lutein in human milk exist and are generally reflective of maternal dietary intake. Information is lacking regarding appropriate lutein supplementation levels in infant formula that result in plasma levels comparable to the breastfed infant. The objective of this study was to measure infant plasma response to lutein supplementation of infant formula. Term infants (n=28) enrolled in a controlled clinical trial, that was non-randomized and unblinded, were fed formula containing 117 μg lutein/L. The level of lutein in the formula was chosen based on plasma carotenoid responses in infants fed carotenoid-supplemented formula from phase one of this study (Mackey et al., 2008). Lutein intake and plasma response were measured at baseline and after 56 days of feeding. Statistical comparisons were made between infants fed the experimental formula and those in an exclusively breastfed group from the phase one study. Anthropometric data were collected on study days 1, 28, and 56. At baseline, mean plasma lutein levels were significantly higher in the breastfed group than in the formula-fed group. After 56 days of feeding, infants fed the lutein-containing formula had significantly greater mean plasma concentration of lutein than human milk-fed infants; however, the range of plasma lutein in the formula-fed infants was within the range of the human milk-fed infants as reported by both Mackey et al., 2008 and Bettler et al., 2010. Anthropometric data and the reported incidence of adverse events in the formula-fed group were similar to other formulas fed in phase one. Results from both phases of the clinical study indicate that the carotenoidsupplemented formulas were safe and well tolerated. This work provides evidence that 117 μg lutein/L, needed in formula to achieve the range of plasma levels corresponding to that of human milk-fed infants, is safe and well tolerated. REFERENCES MACKEY A, PRICE P, OLIVER J, ALBRECHT D, BOILEAU A. 2008. Relative bioavailability of carotenoids in infant formula and human milk. Presented at Clinical Nutrition Week, Chicago. BETTLER J, ZIMMER JP, NEURINGER M, DERUSSO PA. 2010. Serum lutein concentrations in healthy term infants fed human milk or infant formula with lutein. Eur J Nutr 49: 45-51. 1.16. Northern berries as source of carotenoids useful for maintenance of human health Katya A. Lashmanova1 , Olga A. Kuzivanova2 , Olga V. Dymova2 SESSION 1 1 Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Syktyvkar State University, Petrosavodskaya st., 120, 167005 Syktyvkar, Russia, ekaterinalashmanova@yandex.ru 2 Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kommunisticheskaya st., 28, 167982, Syktyvkar, Russia, dymovao@ib.komisc.ru Carotenoids are bioactive substances in foods with powerful antioxidant bioactivity. There are abundant data showing theirs preventive effects in humans for number of diseases. Due to the 26 ACTA BIOLOGICA CRACOVIENSIA Series Botanica
NUTRITIONAL CAROTENOIDS AND THEIR IMPLICATION IN HUMAN HEALTH limited information on carotenoids in wild berries we aimed to determine β-carotene and xanthophylls content in northern berries. Four berry species (Rubus chamaemorus, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Oxycoccus palustris) were selected for this study in taiga zone of European North-East of Russia. Samples were collected in August-September 2010 and transported to laboratory, where they were quick-freezed and kept at -76°C. Carotenoids in freeze-dried samples were extracted with acetone. Individual carotenoids were separated using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system (Knauer, Germany), a column 4.0×250 mm Diasphere-110-C18NT. The pigments were eluted for 34 min with gradient solvent systems A (acetonitrile:methanol:water, 75:12:4, v/v) and B (methanol:ethyl acetate, 68:32, v/v) at a flow rate of 2 ml/min. Identification of carotenoids was carried out by comparing of HPLC retension times with corresponding standarts. The highest total carotenoids content among the studied berries was found in cloudberry (2840 μg/100 g DW) followed by blueberry (2140 μg/100 g). Cranberry and cowberry had the lowest carotenoid content, accordingly 210 and 150 μg/100 g DW. All berries had β-carotene but this carotenoid prevailed greatly in cloudberry (82% of total carotenoids content). Lutein was a principal carotenoid in blueberry (71%). The major contributors to the total carotenoids content of cranberry were βcarotene (28%), lutein (23%) and neoxanthin (20%). Not great quantity of violaxanthin cycle carotenoids (violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin) were identified in all berries and cloudberry sepals. It was established that the carotenoid HPLC profiles of the extracts from cloudberry are complex, because the naturally occurring carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, and violaxanthin) in these fruits are esterified with straight chain of fatty acids. Unidentified carotenoid constituents were presented in the unsaponified extract of cloudberry. The received results are meant a regional database of resources with increased nutritional value. 1.17. Content of carotenoids in roots of seventeen cultivars of Daucus carota L. Aleksandra Mech-Nowak1 , Adam Świderski1 , Michał Kruczek1 , Irena Łuczak2 , Anna Kostecka-Gugała1 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, al. 29-Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland, aleksandra.mech.nowak@gmail.com, aswider@ogr.ar.krakow.pl, kruczek.michael@gmail.com, akg@ogr.ar.krakow.pl 2Department of Plant Protection, University of Agriculture, al. 29-Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland, luczaki@ogr.ar.krakow.pl The aim of this study was to compare the content of carotenoids in seventeen cultivars of carrots grown in Poland. We compared conventional orange cultivars with rarely grown: white, yellow and purple with creamy core cultivars. Carrots are an important source of carotenoids (mainly β-carotene) in daily diet. In Poland, the carrot is grown on a large scale (813 000 tons) and has great economic importance. New cultivars introduced into crops are not only different in shapes and colors, but also in the content of bioactive and important for health compounds including carotenoids. Seventeen selected cultivars of carrots were grown on plots at the Experimental Station of Agricultural University in Mydlniki. For determine the content of carotenoids, extracts made from lyophilized carrot roots were analyzed by spectrophotometric as well as HPLC methods with DAD detector. The highest content of carotenoids was found in cultivars: 'Kazan' and 'Kongo' (nearly 10 mg/100 g f.w.). We also compared the antioxidant properties of selected cultivars using the FRAP method (Benzie and Stain, 1996). Vol. 53, suppl. 1, 2011 Carotenoids are needed in human diet as provitamin A. It is less known that they significantly contribute to the protection of membrane lipids as important antioxidants soluble in fats. Carotenoids as antioxidant compounds reduce the risk of chronic diseases (cardiovascular diseases, cancer ect.) (Krinsky and Yeum, 2003, Stahl and Sies, 2003). Identifying the Daucus carota L. cultivars with the highest carotenoid content in roots will make it possible to recommend them for cultivation, especially for farms specializing in production of preserves with high carotenoid content and contribute to further selection of new cultivars in horticultural breeding. This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, grant no NN 312 252 536. REFERENCES BENZIE IFF and STRAIN JJ. 1996. The ferric reducing of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of "antioxidant power": the FRAP assay. Analytical Biochemistry 239: 70-76. KRINSKY NI and YEUM KJ. 2003. Carotenoid-radical interactions. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 305: 754-760. STAHL W and SIES H. 2003. Antioxidant activity of carotenoids. Molecular Aspects of Medicine 24: 345-351. 1.18. 17–22 July 2011, Krakow, Poland Carotenoid composition and in vitro pharmacological activity of rose hips Péter Molnár 1 , Györgyi Horváth 1 , Erika Turcsi 2 , József Deli2 , Masami Kavase 3 , Kazue Satoh 4 , Toru Tanaka 5 , Satoru Tani 5 , Hiroshi Sakagami 6 , Nóra Gyémánt 7 , József Molnár 7 1 Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Pécs, Medical School, Rókus u. 2, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary, peter.molnar@aok.pte.hu, gyorgyi.horvath@aok.pte.hu 2 Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary, erika.turcsi@aok.pte.hu, jozsef.deli@aok.pte.hu 3 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-7098, Japan, kawase@cc.matsuyama-u.ac.jp 4 School of Medicine, Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142- 8555, Japan, kazue-sth@med.showa-u.ac.jp 5 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan, tanakato@josai.ac.jp, tanisato@josai.ac.jp 6 Department of Dental Pharmacology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan, sakagami@dent.meikai.ac.jp 7 Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical Centrum, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary, molnarj@comser.szote.u-szeged.hu The aim of the present study was to compare flower carotenoid extracts with regard to their phytochemical profiles and their in vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), cytotoxic, multidrug resistance (MDR) reversal and radical scavenging activity. Carotenoid composition was investigated in the different fractionation of rose hips, using extraction methods. Six main carotenoids – epimers of neochrome, lutein, zeaxanthin, rubixanthin, lycopene, β, β-carotene – were identified from Rose hips by their chromatographic behavior and UV-visible spectra, which is in accordance with other studies on carotenoids in this plant material. The active principles in the carotenoid extract might differ, depending upon the extraction procedures. This study, on the part of the Hungarian authors was supported by the grants Szeged Foundation for Cancer Research and OTKA K 76176, OTKA K 83898 (Hungarian Scientific Research Fund) and PTE ÁOK KA- 34039-35/2009. 27
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BIOSYNTHESIS, GENETICS, AND METABOL
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Session 7 Carotenoids and Vision
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MODEL SYSTEMS, COMPUTATIONAL AND IN
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Index of Authors Abe K 44 Abramchik
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Szõke E 58 Szolcsány J 58 Szurkow
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ROMEO JT. 1973. A chemotaxonomic st
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