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Professor Dr. Hans-Dieter Martin 1939 – 2009 Hans-Dieter Martin was born on January 18, 1939 in Berlin and later moved with his parents to Singen where his father managed a pharmacy. In 1958, he started to study chemistry at the Albert-Ludwigs University in Freiburg where he finally received his PhD in 1969 with a thesis on the topic "Thermolysis of Cyclopropane Compounds". Working in the group of Professor Prinzbach, Hans-Dieter Martin became interested in small, carbon composed ring systems some of unusual, aesthetic structure. He was studying their thermal, photochemical, and catalyzed behavior and considered these small tensed ring systems as "a playground for an organic chemist". During post doc visits abroad he studied Photoelectron Spectroscopy in Basel (Prof. Heilbronner) and Gas Phase Kinetics in Reading (Prof. Frey). In 1975, Hans-Dieter Martin habilitated at the Albert- Ludwigs University Freiburg and became Professor for Organic Chemistry at the Julius-Maximilian-University Wuerzburg. His research interests extended to natural and synthetic dyes, pigments, heterocyclic compounds, their synthesis, reaction mechanisms, spectroscopic properties and photochemistry. Among these polyenic compounds were the carotenoids to which he further dedicated a large part of his scientific activity. In 1980 he received the Carl-Duisberg-Award of the German Chemical Society and became Professor of Organic Chemistry at the Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry at the Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf; this was a position that he held until his retirement in 2006. Although suffering from cancer, he was heading a research group on "Micronutrients-Photoprotection and Photodynamic" in a collaborative research center, afterwards. Professor Martin died on March 8, 2009 in Wuerzburg. Hans-Dieter Martin was an outstanding scientist with over 150 publications covering organic, physical and biochemistry and was cooperating with major industrial companies such as BASF or Henkel. However, he also was an engaged academic teacher most popular with students. Following his initiative, the University of Duesseldorf installed a new, integrated course on economic chemistry. He considered carotenoid research as "his most colourful activity" and his interest covered the entire field from chemical synthesis and basic research to application of carotenoids in industry and human health. Hans-Dieter Martin established numerous synthetic routes for natural carotenoids and non-natural analogs. Among them are natural aromatic carotenoids like dihydroxyisorenieratene or artificial hybrids composed of polyenic carotenoids and aromatic flavonoids or porphyrins. Spectroscopic and physicochemical properties, absorption dynamics or aggregate formation related to structural features were in his focus as well as the biochemical activities related to quenching of excited state molecules, radical scavenging, light absorption, impact on gap junctional communication, retinoid signaling or gene expression. He could oversee great parts of the research area and was always willing to assist with advice on various laboratory projects. Hans-Dieter Martin was a highly considered colleague and well respected not only in the carotenoid community but in the scientific community at large and his death was a huge loss not only for his wife and family but also for all other who knew him. Professor Martin is survived by his wife Marianne Martin, and two daughters, Stefanie and Barbara. Hans-Dieter loved nature and his hobbies were photography and diving. Dr. Rodney Lee Ausich 1953 – 2010 Dr. Rodney Lee Ausich fought a heroic battle against urothelial cancer. On June 25, 2010 at age 56 Rod lost his battle at the Mercy Hospital in Des Moines surrounded by his wife, children, father and cousin. Rod was a dad, husband, son, brother, cousin, nephew and brother-in-law. Rod gave it all. He gave it all to the family he and Rebecca loved together. He gave it all to his dear parents, John and Leda. He gave it all to Kemin. Rod was born on October 28, 1953 to John and Leda Ausich in Casper Wyoming. Growing up in Casper, he attended McKinley Elementary School, Dean Morgan Junior High School, and Natrona County High School graduating in 1972. He subsequently graduated from the University of Wyoming in 1976, earning a BS degree in Biology/Botany. He was a member of both Phi Beta Kappa and Phi Kappa Phi. He received his master's and Ph.D. degrees in plant sciences from Indiana University in 1978 and 1980 respectively. He also received a Master of Business Administration from Lake Forest Graduate School of Management in 1991. He began his career working as a research scientist in 1980 for Amoco Corporation where he researched plant tissues identifying genes that would increase the production of valuable chemicals. Rod joined Kemin in 1994 where he engaged in groundbreaking research and development, ultimately becoming the founding father of Kemin Health after realizing the benefits of lutein for eye health in combating age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Rod authored 7 published and 5 pending patents while at Kemin. Kemin Health is the world's leading supplier of lutein. Kemin Health grew from 2 employees (Rod and Chuck) to 150 employees, separate from Kemin Industries under the leadership of Rod as the President, Kemin Health. Rod was an active member of the Des Moines community serving on the Board of Directors of Mercy College, and ultimately Chairman of that Board for 4 years. Rod is survived by his wife, Rebecca, and two children, Evan and Brandyn. Rod will be remembered by those who knew him as a man of quiet presence, but passionate about his family, his work, and our natural environment, which he deeply enjoyed and championed. Growing up in Casper, he had a passion for sports, participating in Little League, Babe Ruth League, and American Legion baseball. As an adult, he was an accomplished golfer, he fostered a joy of skiing in Colorado with his children, and enjoyed boating whenever possible. Cooking and playing with family and friends were his real interests. He loved the big blue skies of Wyoming and had a passion for the west. He was a voracious reader. He was never without a book and had an entire library of books that he was planning to immerse himself in "some day". At Kemin Rod was well known for the unusual hobby of collecting unique beer glasses and mugs from all over the world. Rod always believed in education. Several students have benefited from his scholarship fund including a sponsored child living in Peru and students from Roosevelt High School and Natrona County High School.
CHEMISTRY, ANALYSIS, CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS, AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF CAROTENOIDS INVITED LECTURES Dietary carotenoids – impacts of technological processing Reinhold Carle Universität Hohenheim, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology, Garbenstraße 25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany, carle@uni-hohenheim.de Since carotenoids are not synthesized by humans their ingestion with the diet is a prerequisite. Although carotenes and xanthophylls are accumulated in human plasma and tissues equally well, only about 20 carotenoids have been detected in human beings (Britton et al., 1998) The major carotenoids in human plasma are β-carotene, lycopene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, α-carotene and zeaxanthin. Carotenoids predominantly occur in their all-trans configuration. Owing to the highly unsaturated system of double bonds, they are susceptible to degradation and to isomerization to their cis forms thus, resulting in alterations of physicochemical and biological properties, i.e. reduced provitamin A activity and bioavailability. Apart from naturally occuring in plants, cis-isomers have been demonstrated to be formed during technological processing such as drying, microvaving, canning, cooking and heat preservation. Furthermore, storage time an conditions such as temperature and light may affect cis-isomerization (Carle and Schieber, 2008). This review summarizes our recent investigations on the effects of processing on carotenoid stability in vegetables, fruits, functional foods, and dietary supplements. Particular attention was given to methods for the determination of carotenoid stereoisomers and to the role of the physical state of carotenoids and the plant matrix for their stability. REFERENCES BRITTON G, LIAAEN-JENSEN S, PFANDER HP. 1989. Synthesis from a different perspective: How nature does it. In: Britton G. Liaaen- Jensen S. Pfander H. (Eds.) Carotenoids. Vol. 3: Biosynthesis and Metabolism. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland, pp. 1-12. SCHIEBER A and CARLE R. 2008. Stability of Carotenoids in Vegetables, Fruits, Functional Foods, and Dietary Supplements with Particular Reference to trans-cis-Isomerization. American Chemical Society ACS Symposium Series 983: 140-150. Carotenoids with kappa end-group: retrospect and recent progress József Deli 1 , Enrique Murillo 2 , Veronika Nagy 1 , Attila Agócs 1 1 University of Pécs, Medical School, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Szigeti út 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary, jozsef.deli@aok.pte.hu, vera.nagy@aok.pte.hu, attila.agocs@aok.pte.hu 2 University of Panama, Biochemistry and Nutrition Laboratory, Panama City, Panama, emurillo29@hotmail.com Capsanthin and capsorubin, the first carotenoids containing κ-end group were isolated from red paprika (Capsicum annuum) (Deli and Molnár, 2002). These red pigments are biosynthetised from carotenoid-5,6-epoxides by means of specific enzymes, the capsanthin-capsorubin synthases (Bouvier et al., 1994). Capsanthin is the main carotenoid of paprika but also occurs in other plants in much lower amount. Capsorubin and cryptocapsin are minor components accompanying capsanthin. Capsanthin 5,6-, 5,8- and 3,6epoxides had also been isolated from red paprika. Some carotenoids with an unique cyclopentyl enolic β-diketone group conjugated to a polyene chain in its structure were iso- Vol. 53, suppl. 1, 2011 17–22 July 2011, Krakow, Poland lated as major or minor carotenoid from marine invertebrate animals (Hertzberg et al., 1988). Rare carotenoids like capsorubin and cryptocapsin were also found in high amounts in some wild tropical fruits. A new special family of carotenoids bearing 3-hydroxy- and 3-dehydroxy-κ-end groups were found in tropical fruits of extremely high pigment content. Some of them, for example sapotexanthin, contains βend group, too, which means they have potential vitamin A activity (Murillo et al., 2011). We describe the isolation, structure elucidation and reaction of these carotenoids and a proposed biosynthetic pathway of the κ-carotenoids is suggested as well. This study, on the part of the Hungarian authors was supported by the grant OTKA K 83898 (Hungarian Scientific Research Foundation). REFERENCES DELI J and MOLNÁR P. 2002. Paprika Carotenoids: Analysis, Isolation, Structure Elucidation. Curr. Org. Chem. 6: 1197-1219. BOUVIER F, HUGUNEY P, D'HARLINGUE A, KUNTZ M, CAMARA B. 1994. Xanthophyll Biosynthesis in Chromoplasts – Isolation and Molecular-Cloning of an Enzyme Catalyzing the Conversion of 5,6-Epoxycarotenoid into Ketocarotenoid. Plant J. 6, 45-54. HERZTBERG S, PARTALI V, LIAAEN-JENSEN S. 1988 Animal carotenoids. 32. Carotenoids of Mytilus edulis (edible mussel). Acta Chem. Scand. B., 42: 495-503. MURILLO E, MCLEAN L, BRITTON G, AGÓCS A, NAGY V, DELI J. 2011 Sapotexanthin, an A-Provitamin Carotenoid Isolated from Mamey (Pouteria sapota) J. Nat. Prod. 74: 283-285. Directed synthesis of oxygenated carotenoid derived compounds Hansgeorg Ernst Fine Chemicals & Biocatalysis Research, GVF/A –B 009, BASF SE, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany, hansgeorg.ernst@basf.com Chemical oxidation of carotenoids affords a complex mixture of oxygenated carotenoid cleavage products. However this method is unsuitable for the preparation of pure compounds on a preparative scale [1]. Only a few examples of directed syntheses of these structures have been published so far [2]. One of the basic tools of polyene chemistry in BASF is a construction set made up of bifunctional C 5 - and C 10 -intermediates as well as C 15 -phosphonium salts. By smart combination of these building blocks among themselves and with commercially available C 2 - and C 3 -units a plethora of carotenoid oxidation products are efficiently accessible via directed synthesis, using Wittig- and Wittig- Horner olefinations as key steps. This strategy is demonstrated for a bouquet of apo- and diapocarotenoids, e.g. lycopene-12´-, 10´and 8´-derivatives, 6,10´-, 8,12´-, 6,14´- and 10,12´-diapolycopenedial as well as some apocarotenoids with cyclic end groups. REFERENCES CARIS-VEYRAT C. 2010. In Carotenoids – Physical, Chemical and Biological Functions (ed. Landrum JT), pp. 215-228. CRC Press, Boca Raton. CARIS-VEYRAT C. 2011. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 59: 1457-1463. Partial and total synthesis of serum carotenoids and their metabolites Frederick Khachik Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bldg. 091, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA 20742, Khachik@umd.edu Human serum and tissues contain in excess of 12 dietary carotenoids and several metabolites that originate from con- 49
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ROMEO JT. 1973. A chemotaxonomic st
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