Master of Engineering Balram Sahu - Embedded Sensing ...

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4.1. Requirements on the library 184.1 Requirements on the libraryThe development process of a standard cell library for use with Silicon Ensemble (SE)routing tools follow the following steps:1. Layout of cells.2. Creation of Synopsys synthesis and simulation libraries.3. Generation of LEF (Library Exchange Format) description of cells.The LEF file is an simplified ASCII file which contains only metal layers and other layerswhich can obstruct routing. Since shape of n-well/p-well or diffusion do not electricallyinfluence the metal track in a significant degree so these layers are avoided in LEF files.This file is used by SE tools during placement and routing process.4.2 Layout Technique4.2.1 Layout RulesFor a cell layout to be properly usable in Standard cell based design, several requirementshave to be satisfied. The standard cell design should be done so that the followingproperties should be satisfied by the standard cell.• The general shape of cell is as follows:Here, term "pins" refers to any shape in the particular layer being used for routing.• The sizes, shapes and location of all geometries in layers pertinent to routing areregularize. For example, If a metal1 signal track inside the cell is 1µm wide, allother metal1 tracks inside the cell must also be of the same width.• All power/ground pins should have the same width and should run in the samedirection i.e. all horizontal or all vertical. And these should be in the form of railat top and bottom end of cell as shown in figure 4.1.• The routing pitch should be at least line-to-via pitch, as shown in figure 4.2, wherethe closest separation satisfies design rule for metal to metal separation. Ideally
19 4.2. Layout TechniqueFigure 4.1: General Shape of Standard cell core cellFigure 4.2: Definition of routing Pitchit should be at least via-to-via pitch. This will allow the routing tool to put viawherever necessary.• All the routing layers should be defined during LEF generation so that routing toolcan decide which metal layer is to be actually used.• The number of metal layers used for internal connections within the cell should belimited. Always try to use metal1 only, so that all higher metal layers tracks arefreely available for use by routing tool.The rules discussed above are necessitated by the way SE tool perform routing. The toolperforms routing by laying down horizontal, vertical and Manhattan-style tracks. For
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