Special Issue Survey of Cetaceans in Captive Care

302 CouquiaudMonodon monoceros – Narwhal (Size not inclusive of tusk length, estimated maximum 3 m)Arctic waters • deep inshore to open waters • pairs to 10; up to hundreds or thousands • social; rarely aerial;very vocal; migrating • unsuccessfully kept in captivity; probably unsuitable for captivity because of thepresence of the tusk in males, unless in large ocean pens or habitatNeophocaena phocaenoides – Finless porpoise *Warm temperate and tropical Indo-Pacific seas from Persian Gulf to northern Japan, Yangtze River, andother Asian rivers • fresh/brackish/marine; coastal/estuarine/riverine • singles or pairs; up to 12, sometimesup to 50 • shy and inconspicuous; different colour according to populations, from light gray to black •playful in captivity; easily trainable; successfully kept and bredOrcaella brevirostris – Irrawaddy dolphin *Tropical and subtropical Indo-Pacific seas and rivers • fresh/brackish/marine; coastal /estuarine /riverine •groups £ 6; up to 15 • quiet, low leaping; sometimes seen in same area as bottlenose and Pacific humpbackdolphins • playful, easily trainable in captivity, and moderately successfully kept and bred, but limited toregional oceanariaOrcinus orca – Killer whale *Cosmopolitan: tropics to ice edge waters around the world • inshore to oceanic; shallow to deep waters •pairs to 20; up to 100 • highly social, very vocal, and inquisitive; common aerial behaviour; stablematriarchal societies • some populations feed on fish; others on marine mammals • playful, easily trainablein captivity; can be aggressive, several attacks on trainers occurred; successfully kept and bred in captivityaround the worldPeponocephala electra – Melon-headed whaleTropical to subtropical waters around the world • deep oceanic waters • herds of 100 to 500; up to2,000 • highly social; move at high speed, leaping; associated with other species like Fraser’s dolphins •unsuccessfully kept in captivity apart from one individual that displays some aggressiveness toward trainersand tank mates • one young individual successfully rehabilitated from stranding from 1998 to 2003Phocoena phocoena – Harbour porpoise * • IUCN status: VulnerableSubarctic to temperate, Northern Hemisphere • shallow, near shore waters, max. 200 m deep • groups£ 8; sometimes 50 to several hundreds • fast moving, inconspicuous animal; complex social behaviour;easily frightened; little aerial behaviour • never aggressive toward humans in captivity; inventive; difficultto maintain in captivity because high mortality rate so far, but successfully kept or rehabilitated in smallnumber of oceanariaPhocoena sinus – Vaquita • IUCN status: Critically endangeredWarm waters of the northern Gulf of California • shallow waters max. 36 m • single to 4; up to 8 or 10 • shyand elusive animal, living in an extremely small geographical area; highly endangered with population in thelow hundreds • no Vaquita has been kept in captivity, but it might be considered as conservation measurePhocoena spinipinnis – Burmeister’s porpoiseCold temperate to warm temperate around South America • coastal/estuarine shallow waters • groups of £ 6;up to 70 • inconspicuous, unobtrusive swimming; little aerial behaviour; only one animal kept in captivity;unsuccessfully rehabilitated from stranding4.70 4.15 1,600 1,000 0º-5º2.01 2.00 72 15º - 30º2.75 2.32 190 20º-30º9.80 8.50 ~10,000 ~7,500 0º-30º2.73 2.75 ~275 20º-28º1.43 1.89 50 65 5º-15º1.45 1.50 48 20º-28º~2.00 1.91 78 105 5º-20º