From Persecution to Prison - Bellevue/NYU Program for Survivors of ...

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CONTENTSAcknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vI. Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1II. Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23III. Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43IV. Findings and Characteristics of Study Participants . . . . . . . . . .49V. Mental Health of Detained Asylum Seekers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55VI. Physical Health, Medical Problems andMedical Care in Detention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87VII. Treatment in Detention Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105VIII. Age Determinations by Dental Examinations forYoung Asylum Seekers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129IX. Arrival in the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137X. Study Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151XI. Legal Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155XII. Conclusions and Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183XIII. Appendices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199Case StudiesCase #1(DK): Loneliness and Fear in Jail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58Case #2 (JG): Health Care in Chains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90Case #3 (HN): Solitary Confinement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110Case #4 (LK): Fifteen-Year-Old Girl Imprisoned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134Case #5 (CR): Begging for Mercy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146iii
Physicians for Human RightsPhysicians for Human Rights (PHR) promotes health by protectinghuman rights. PHR believes that respect for human rights is essential forthe health and well-being of all people.Since 1986, PHR members have worked to stop torture, disappearances,and political killings by governments and opposition groups and toinvestigate and expose violations, including: deaths, injuries, and traumainflicted on civilians during conflicts; suffering and deprivation, includingdenial of access to health care, caused by ethnic and racial discrimination;mental and physical anguish inflicted on women by abuse; exploitation ofchildren in labor practices; loss of life or limb from landmines and otherindiscriminate weapons; harsh methods of incarceration in prisons anddetention centers; and poor health stemming form vast inequalities insocieties. Over 400 health professionals are part of PHR’s Asylum Network,providing medical evaluations for hundreds of asylum seekers overthe past decade. PHR also works to protect health professionals who arevictims of violations of human rights and to prevent medical complicity intorture and other abuses. As one of the original steering committee membersof the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, PHR shared the1997 Nobel Peace Prize.Physicians for Human Rights100 Boylston Street, Suite 702Boston, MA 02116Tel. 617 695-0041Fax 617 695-0307Washington office1156 15th St., NW, Suite 1001Washington, DC 20005Tel. 202-728-5335Fax 202-728-3053phrusa@phrusa.orgwww.phrusa.orgiv
Page 2 and 3: From Persecution to Prison:The Heal
Page 6: The Bellevue/NYU Program for Surviv
Page 9 and 10: don, Miranda Ip, and Meriam Alrashi
Page 11 and 12: Significant symptoms of depression
Page 13 and 14: Detained asylum seekers participati
Page 15 and 16: persecution, yet most emphasized ho
Page 17 and 18: In many facilities, the response to
Page 19 and 20: years in detention, she finally got
Page 21 and 22: abuse For example, while being take
Page 23 and 24: They didn’t let me use the phone
Page 25 and 26: intensely personal events they had
Page 27 and 28: Limitations of this study include t
Page 29 and 30: Non-governmental organizations serv
Page 31 and 32: 22 FROM PERSECUTION TO PRISON
Page 33 and 34: the late 1990s ranging from 10 to 7
Page 35 and 36: Historical BackgroundFor most of th
Page 37 and 38: international standards with the 19
Page 39 and 40: apply for asylum make up the majori
Page 41 and 42: tion judge. 57 Yet in many parts of
Page 43 and 44: York and Newark, New Jersey has had
Page 45 and 46: trict began denying parole to them
Page 47 and 48: Correctional Facility in 2000. “[
Page 49 and 50: men of which 750 were detained on i
Page 51 and 52: from that same country from seeking
Page 53 and 54: Detention Facilities in this StudyF
Page 55 and 56:
high reliability in numerous langua
Page 57 and 58:
48 FROM PERSECUTION TO PRISON
Page 59 and 60:
York County Prison in York Pennsylv
Page 61 and 62:
TABLE 2:Demographic Characteristics
Page 63 and 64:
TABLE 4:Prevalence of Pre-Migration
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on a part time basis, researchers w
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Case #1(DK): “Loneliness and Fear
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TABLE 6:Hopkins Symptom Checklist-2
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TABLE 8:Harvard Trauma Questionnair
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think such services were available.
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When I am talking to you now it is
Page 77 and 78:
After being granted asylum and rele
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“Being here is like going through
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In my country even though I became
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how long they were there - six mont
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Thoughts of SuicideSeveral asylum s
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here?’ I told the doctor, they br
Page 89 and 90:
Another subject reported a positive
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substantial distance from their att
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eported that her experience in dete
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e somatic manifestations of the psy
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Case #2 (JG): “Health Care in Cha
Page 101 and 102:
TABLE 11:Detainee Perceptions of He
Page 103 and 104:
TABLE 13:Availability and Quality o
Page 105 and 106:
detainees, or because they did not
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Difficulty Obtaining Specialized Ca
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Another detained asylum seeker repo
Page 111 and 112:
One detainee who speaks French and
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Detention Facilities in this StudyS
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even though many reported having ex
Page 119 and 120:
CASE #3 (HN): “SOLITARY CONFINEME
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Here, I’m scared. In [the detenti
Page 123 and 124:
emote control and watch what he wan
Page 125 and 126:
Whenever someone misbehaves, they t
Page 127 and 128:
This subject was himself threatened
Page 129 and 130:
One detainee reported several incid
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Some Process Exists to Respond to R
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There were no witnesses other than
Page 135 and 136:
tion. An INS officer said they put
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There is an Anglican minister who c
Page 139 and 140:
The dentists didn’t explain anyth
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tion between dental age and chronol
Page 143 and 144:
Case #4 (LK): “Fifteen-Year-Old G
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
TABLE 16:Treatment/Abuses Reported
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“There is no political asylum her
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I was crying. I was so afraid with
Page 153 and 154:
save her life, but was not able to
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Case #5 (CR): “Begging for Mercy
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ehind and told me to sign. He physi
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days and it is now 2 years and four
Page 161 and 162:
viewers asked for additional inform
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y study participants. In evaluating
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trast, under US law, detention of s
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nation for an asylum determination
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very negative effects of detention
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authority to grant asylum and with
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absconding.” 250 Since the passag
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said “[F]reedom from imprisonment
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Standards relevant to this study ar
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“detained person” generally as
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which they are charged and a fair h
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esponse to substantial public press
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specified procedures, provided they
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PunishmentThe Detention Standard on
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any time the detainee complains.”
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
while in detention, thus adding to
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Establish a Uniform National Parole
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that effect. These officers should
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Besides their inaccuracy, these exa
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friends so asylum seekers can maint
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appropriate staffing of such groups
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efugees and asylum seekers who win
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
of thorough documentation. However,
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Human development is complex and di
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18. Country from which fleeing pers
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9. Being close to death.10. Forced
Page 217 and 218:
Complete for each health problem:5.
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Explain:(Interviewer: Write brief n
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2. Depression SymptomsA How much we
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B. You said that you have experienc
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Explain:13. How was your physical h
Page 227 and 228:
Yes ...........1No............22. W
Page 229 and 230:
Explain:20. At the time of your arr
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