CLINICAL HANDBOOK OF SCHIZOPHRENIA

216 IV. PSYCHOSOCIAL TREATMENTTABLE 22.1. Controlled Studies Comparing Family Intervention with Standard Treatmentfor Patients with SchizophreniaStudyKottgen et al.(1984)Falloon et al.(1982, 1985)Leff et al.(1982, 1985)Tarrier et al.(1988, 1989,1994)Vaughan et al.(1992)Randolph et al.(1994)Xiong et al.(1994)TreatmentconditionsNType of familyinterventionFamily intervention,high expressedemotion.Customary care,high expressedemotion.Customary care, lowexpressed emotion.49 Psychodynamic:separate groups forpatients and relativesBehavioral familytherapy.Individualmanagement.Family intervention.Customary care.Behavioral familytherapy enactive.Behavioral familytherapy symbolic.Education only.Customary care.Single-familypsychoeducationand support.Customary care.Behavioral familytherapy.Customary careBehavioral familytherapy.Customary care.36 Home-basedbehavioralfamily24 Psychoeducation tohelp relatives withhigh expressedemotion modelcoping of lowexpressed emotionrelatives77 Behavioralfamily therapycomprising stressmanagement andtraining in goalsettingFrequencyand durationof treatmentWeekly or monthlyup to 2 yearsWeekly for 3monthsBiweekly for 6monthsMonthly for 15monthsBiweekly forrelatives groupsfor 9 monthsThree stressmanagementand eight goalsettingsessionsover 9 months36 Psychoeducation Ten weeklysessions39 Clinic-basedbehavioral familytherapy63 Clinic-basedpsychoeducation,skills training,medication/symptommanagementWeekly for 3monthsBiweekly for 3monthsBiweekly for 6monthsRelapse2 years: familyintervention equalto customary carefor families witheither high or lowexpressed emotion2 years: behavioralfamily therapybetter thanindividualmanagement2 years: familyintervention betterthan customarycare2 years: behavioralfamily therapybetter thaneducation orcustomary care;education andcustomary careequal9 months: singlefamilyeducationand support equalto customary care2 years: behavioralfamily therapybetter thancustomary careBimonthly for 3 18 months:monthsbehavioral familyFamily sessions therapy better thanfor 2 years (plus customary careindividualsessions with familymembers andpatients):maintenancesessions every 2–3months.(continued)