CLINICAL HANDBOOK OF SCHIZOPHRENIA

644 IndexPregnancydosing strategies during, 476–477infection during, 69–71pharmacotherapy during, 474unwanted, 606Prejudice, 534, 534fPresident’s New FreedomCommission on MentalHealth, 570Prevalence, defined, 15Prevention through RiskIdentification, Management,and Education, 387PRIME, 387Principlism, 624Prisons. See Jails/prisonsPrivate payers, 513Probands, 56first-episode, 104Problem behavior, focus on, 324Prodromal stage, 102gender and, 576–577treatment during, 380–381See also SchizophreniaprodromePrognostic indicators, 110–111Program of Assertive CommunityTreatment, 329Prolactin elevation, antipsychoticinduced,169tProlixin. See Fluphenazine(Prolixin)Promethazine, and introductionof psychopharmacology, 6Proteins, synaptic, 49Pseudoneurotic schizophrenia, 5Psychiatric disorders, intellectualdisability and, 439–441Psychiatric facility, structure offor inpatient treatment, 343for residential treatment, 346Psychiatric genetics, 55research methods, 56–60, 56tPsychiatry, anti-religious bias in,598Psychoanalytic theories, 84Psychoeducation, 269about safe sex, 606–607about spirituality, 602about trauma/PTSD, 455clinical guidelines for, 270–271for older adults, 393–394research evidence for, 269for working with anger, 406Psychoeducation services,evidence-based, 543Psychology, anti-religious bias in,598Psychomotor speed, 93Psychopathology, 82–90DSM-IV-TR definitions of, 85–88in DSM-IV-TR versus ICD,89future directions, 89–90historical background, 82–85ICD and, 88–89Psychopharmacologyhistory of, 6, 7–8See also Antipsychotics;Medications;Pharmacotherapy; specificagentsPsychosisassessing, with aggressive/violent population, 401avoidance of term, 385cognitive model of, 227, 227fduration of untreated. SeeDuration of untreatedpsychosisfamily responses to, 218, 221–222first-episode. See First-episodepsychosisideal treatment of, 33overemphasis of, 560population prone to, 26religious/spiritual expression in,593–594Psychosocial factors, 74–81CBT and, 79–80clinical management, 79family interventions, 80family studies of, 77institutional environments and,74key points, 81life events and, 74–76mechanisms of, 77–79social networks and, 76–77,80suicide risk and, 496Psychosocial functioningassessment of, 135comprehensive measures,137, 138, 139t–140t,141domain-specific measures,137, 140t, 141–143global measures, 137, 138,139tkey points, 143measures for, 136–137, 139t–140tdefined, 135–136Psychosocial masking, 441Psychosocial rehabilitation, forparents, 477–478Psychosocial treatment, 97challenges in, 279–281cognitive rehabilitation, 249–260cognitive-behavioral therapy,226–239cost-effectiveness of, 512–513environmental supports, 207–213family intervention, 214–225for first-episode psychosis,372–373group therapy, 279–286illness self-managementtraining, 268–278for inmates with schizophrenia,360for older adults, 393–394planning, 149–154activities of daily living, 152assessment in, 150cognitive functioning, 151–152consumer-centered, 149–150housing, 153medication adherence, 150–151negative symptoms, 151occupational/schoolfunctioning, 153positive symptoms, 151social functioning/familyinteractions, 152substance abuse, 153–154quality of life and, 588self-help activities, 298–305social skills training, 240–248supported housing, 287–297vocational rehabilitation, 261–267See also specific approachesPsychosurgery, 5–6legal safeguards for, 517Psychotherapyfor aggressive/violentpopulation, 399–400, 400fdynamically oriented, 6forms of, 6for suicidal individuals, 500–501supportive, for schizophreniaprodrome, 383Psychotic disorder not otherwisespecified, 483Psychotic disordersaccurate/inaccurate predictionof, 381early-onset, 481–484false positive identification of,381