CLINICAL HANDBOOK OF SCHIZOPHRENIA

Index 637Emergency room visits, 339–342assessment and treatment in,340–341confidentiality and release ofinformation, 341–342disposition issues, 342psychopharmacologicalmanagement in, 341reasons for, 339–340Emic/etic units of data, 583Emotional abuse, inmate historyof, 359Emotional distress, monetaryvalue of, 510Emotions Anonymous, 300Employment, supported. SeeSupported employmentEmpowermentfostering, 539spirituality/religion and, 599Engagement, 322English Mental Health Act, 520Enuresis, clozapine-related, 183Environmental factors, 44in aggressive/violent behavior,407–408versus genetic factors, 57–58in occurrence of violence, 402–403See also ObstetriccomplicationsEnvironmental risk factors, 26gender and, 575–576Environmental stress, impacts of,269Environmental structure, for cooccurringSUDs, 468–469Environmental supports, 207–213cognitive adaptation training,207–208, 209t, 210, 210fgeneric, 210–211key points, 212smart homes, 212specific, 211–212Enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay, for HIV, 129EPA. See Eicosapentanoic acidEpidemiologic Catchment Areastudy, 617Epidemiology, 14–24genetic, 55–56methodological problems in,14–15Episodic memory, 93EPS. See Extrapyramidal sideeffectsEstelle v. Gamble, 356Estrogen, levels in schizophrenia,605Ethical guidelines, 341–342Ethics, 624–630of client-centered care, 625–626of clinical research, 626–629,627tin involuntary commitment,521–522key points, 629–630of placebo controls, 629Ethnic minorities, 23schizophrenia incidence, 17Ethnicityand metabolism ofantipsychotics, 620–621as risk factor, 26European Americans, attitudestoward mental illness, 618–619European Convention on HumanRights, involuntarycommitment and, 519–520European Quality of Life 5–Dimensional format, 584,584tEuthanasia, 624Event-related fields, 41Event-related potentials, 41Evidence-based practice, 541–548implementation projects, 543–545, 546t, 547key points, 547research on, 542staged implementation of, 544stakeholder involvement in,544theory of, 541–542toolkits and training centersfor, 544–545types of, 542–543Executive function, 93–94EOS and, 483–484impaired, 207–208schizophrenia as disorder of,11Executive skills training, 255–256Exerciseassessing for, 131hypertension and, 430Expert Consensus Guidelines,150tExpressed emotion, 77in African American versusEuropean Americanfamilies, 619highoutcome and, 22schizophrenic relapse and,215high versus low, 221External control, versusautonomy, spirituality/religionand, 600–601Extrapyramidal side effects, 162,169–170antipsychotic-induced, 169tclozapine for, 180with first-episode psychosis,372first-generation antipsychoticsand, 475in newborn, 475risperidone-related, inadolescents, 488Eye-tracking dysfunction, 484Fagerstrom Test of NicotineDependence, 128Fairweather Lodge Program, 153Faith healers, 550False positive identification, 381Family caregiving, economicvalue of, 510Family factors, 619Family intervention, 80, 152,214–225approaches to, 215, 216t–217t,218background, 214–215dissemination of, 220–221evidence base for, 218–220and family responses topsychosis, 221–222for first-episode psychosis,373–375, 374tfirst-episode psychosis and,218future directions, 222group, 218key points, 223mechanism of change in, 222for older adults, 393–394recommendations, 222–223versus standard treatment,216t–217tsubstance use and, 218Family studies, 60–61psychosocial factors in, 77Fatty acids, omega-3polyunsaturated, 193–194Fecundity, 21–22Federal Action Agenda, 570Fertility, 21–22Fetal brain, gender differences in,576Fetal growth retardation, 18Fetal hypoxia, 68–69Fetal infection, 69–70Fetus, cytokine exposure of, 70–71Fidelity scales, 333