CLINICAL HANDBOOK OF SCHIZOPHRENIA

248 IV. PSYCHOSOCIAL TREATMENT• SST is a highly structured educational procedure that employs didactic instruction, breakingskills down into discrete steps, modeling, behavioral rehearsal (role playing), and social reinforcementto teach social behaviors.• SST is a structured teaching approach in which the key element is behavioral rehearsal, notconversation about social behavior and motivation.• SST is an evidence-based practice with strong empirical support.• SST is tailored to each individual, and fosters personal choice and growth in a manner consistentwith the consumer recovery model.REFERENCES AND RECOMMENDED READINGSBellack, A. S. (2004). Skills training for people with severe mental illness. Psychiatric RehabilitationJournal, 27(4), 375–391.Bellack, A. S., Mueser, K. T., Gingerich, S., & Agresta, J. (2004). Social skills training for schizophrenia:A step-by-step guide (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.Benton, M. K., & Schroeder, H. E. (1990). Social skills training with schizophrenics: A meta-analyticevaluation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58, 741–747.Dilk, M. N., & Bond, G. R. (1996). Meta-analytic evaluation of skills training research for individualswith severe mental illness. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 64, 1337–1346.Glynn, S. M., Marder, S. R., Liberman, R. P., Blair, K., Wirshing, W. C., Wirshing, D. A., et al. (2002).Supplementing clinic-based skills training with manual-based community support sessions: Effectson social adjustment of patients with schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159,829–837.Hayes, R. L., Halford, W. K., & Varghese, F. T. (1995). Social skills training with chronic schizophrenicpatients: Effects on negative symptoms and community functioning. Behavior Therapy,26, 433–439.Lehman, A. F., Kreyenbuhl, J., Buchanan, R. W., Dickerson, F. B., Dixon, L. B., Goldberg, R., et al.(2004). The Schizophrenia Patient Outcomes Research Team (PORT): Updated treatment recommendations2003. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 30(2), 193–217.Liberman, R. P. (1995). Social and independent living skills: The community re-entry program. LosAngeles: Author.Liberman, R. P., Blair, K. E., Glynn, S. M., Marder, S. R., Wirshing, W., & Wirshing, D. A. (2001).Generalization of skills training to the natural environment. In H. D. Brenner, W. Boker, & R.Genner (Eds.), The treatment of schizophrenia: Status and emerging trends (pp. 104–120). Seattle,WA: Hogrefe & Huber.Liberman, R. P., Wallace, C. J., Blackwell, G., Kopelowicz, A., & Vaccaro, J. V. (1998). Skills trainingversus psychosocial occupational therapy for persons with persistent schizophrenia. AmericanJournal of Psychiatry, 155, 1087–1091.Marder, S. R., Wirshing, W. C., Mintz, J., McKenzie, J., Johnston, K., Eckman, T. A., et al. (1996).Two-year outcome of social skills training and group psychotherapy for outpatients with schizophrenia.American Journal of Psychiatry, 153, 1585–1592.Mueser, K. T., & Bellack, A. S. (1998). Social skills and social functioning. In K. T. Mueser & N.Tarrier (Eds.), Handbook of social functioning in schizophrenia (pp. 79–96). Needham Heights,MA: Allyn & Bacon.Pilling, S., Bebbington, P., Kuipers, E., Garety, P., Geddes, J., Martindale, B., et al. (2002). Psychologicaltreatments in schizophrenia: I. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of social skillstraining and cognitive remediation. Psychological Medicine, 32, 783–791.