CLINICAL HANDBOOK OF SCHIZOPHRENIA

584 VIII. SPECIAL TOPICSGoldberg, 1972) and in the evaluation of various interventions in clinical samples. Althoughscores on these scales have frequently been taken as indicators of quality of life,these scales are not specific to quality of life and do not capture its objective and subjectiveindicators.Specifically designed health-related quality-of-life instruments are developed with themultidimensionality concept of the quality of life in mind. Table 57.1 summarizes someof the established instruments. Measures such as the Quality of Life Scale (QLS), theQuality of Life Interview (QLI), and the Oregon Quality of Life Scale (OQLS) are popularin the United States, whereas instruments such as the Lancashire Quality of Life Profile(LQOLP), the Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life Scale (MANSA), andthe European Quality of Life 5-Dimensional Format (EuroQol-5D) are more widely usedin Europe. However, despite differences in their geographical use, some of these instrumentsare related (e.g., the MANSA was based on the LQOLP, which in turn was basedon the QLI).TABLE 57.1. Specifically Designed Quality-of-Life InstrumentsTitleAuthor(s)Numberof itemsNumberof domainsEstimatedcompletiontimeClient Quality of Life Interview Mulkern et al. (1986) 65 8 30 minEuroQol-5D EuroQol group (1990) 15 5 5 minIndex of Health-Related Quality Rosser et al. (1992) 107, 225 3 Not knownof LifeLancashire Quality of Life Profile Oliver (1991) 100 11 30–50 min(LQOLP)Manchester Short Assessment Priebe et al. (1999) 25 12 10–15 minof Quality of Life (MANSA)Munich Quality of LifeHeinisch et al. (1991) 20 4 10 minDimensions ListOregon Quality of Life Scale Bigelow et al. (1991) 146 14 45 min(OQS)Quality of Life Checklist Malm et al. (1981) 93 11 60 minQuality of Life Interview (QLI) Lehman (1988) 143 8 45 minQuality of Life Scale (QLS) Heinrichs et al. (1984) 21 21 45 minSatisfaction with Life DomainsScaleSchizophrenia Quality of LifeScale (SQLS)SmithKline Beacham Qualityof LifeSubjective Well-Being UnderNeuroleptics Scale (SWN)Well-Being Project ClientInterviewWorld Health OrganizationQuality of Life Instrument—Brief (WHOQOL)Baker and Intagliata(1982)15 15 10 minWilkinson et al., 2000 30 3 5–10 minDunbar et al. (1992) 78 23 Not knownNaber (1995) 38 5 Not knownCampbell et al. (1989) 151, 76,and 77World HealthOrganization (1996)60 Not known26 4 5–10 min