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Otter (Lutrinae) Care Manual - Association of Zoos and Aquariums

Otter (Lutrinae) Care Manual - Association of Zoos and Aquariums

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<strong>Association</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Zoos</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Aquariums</strong> 141<br />

<strong>Otter</strong> (<strong>Lutrinae</strong>) <strong>Care</strong> <strong>Manual</strong><br />

construction <strong>of</strong> the LSS. The second phase shall include the construction <strong>of</strong> the<br />

LSS.<br />

b. Remove all existing LSS equipment <strong>and</strong> piping. Please provide an alternate to<br />

perform this work.<br />

c. Piping will connect to existing main drains, surface skimmer, returns, waterfall,<br />

overflow, waste <strong>and</strong> domestic water lines.<br />

d. 8 hours LSS Startup <strong>and</strong> Zoo staff operator training.<br />

2. Zoo<br />

a. Exhibits will be emptied <strong>of</strong> all water <strong>and</strong> animals.<br />

b. The Zoo is responsible for the integrity <strong>and</strong> functioning <strong>of</strong> existing underground<br />

<strong>and</strong> through-wall piping <strong>and</strong> electrical service.<br />

c. Provide all electrical connections from existing electrical panels. (See Alternates)<br />

B. BASE EXHIBIT DATA<br />

<strong>Otter</strong> Exhibit<br />

a. 20,000-gallon fresh water pool.<br />

b. Exhibit pool is outdoors.<br />

c. Fresh water provided by existing domestic water supply.<br />

d. Exhibit maximum capacity to be two river otters.<br />

e. Exhibit filtration consists <strong>of</strong> s<strong>and</strong> filtration with manual backwash operation.<br />

f. Exhibit disinfection currently done by bromine additions.<br />

C. LSS DESIGN PARAMETERS<br />

1. The LSS equipment will be sized to meet or exceed the following minimum requirements.<br />

If the minimum requirements appear insufficient, provide an explanation for concerns on<br />

the sizing. Any additions, deletions, or substitutions must be approved by the designated<br />

representative <strong>of</strong> the Zoo.<br />

a. Turnover rate for the <strong>Otter</strong> system shall be at least 60 minutes.<br />

b. System shall have flow meters appropriately placed to monitor the turnover rate.<br />

c. Waterfalls in the exhibits shall be on a separate loop (with a dedicated pump) from<br />

the LSS.<br />

d. Both systems shall have skimmers adequately sized <strong>and</strong> located to deal with the<br />

heavy leaf litter problem. Skimmer openings shall be screened to protect against<br />

accidental intrusion by live exhibit tenants.<br />

e. If s<strong>and</strong> filters are specified, they will be sized to less than or equal to 10 gpm/sqft<br />

<strong>of</strong> filter area at 100% <strong>of</strong> system flow. Backwash shall be manual or hydraulic in<br />

operation.<br />

f. Exhibit disinfection shall be provided by an automated ozone injection treatment<br />

system.<br />

g. Ozone system will be sized for a 20% side-stream <strong>and</strong> a contact time <strong>of</strong> 2-3<br />

minutes. It shall include an ozone destruct unit. There shall be no residual ozone in<br />

the exhibit.<br />

h. There shall be a trickle filter sized for the full system flow at 15 gpm / sq. ft (<strong>of</strong><br />

tower cross section). The tower shall have enough height to provide adequate gas<br />

exchange <strong>and</strong> prevent air entrainment in the exhibit.<br />

i. All domestic freshwater supply lines shall have flow meters.<br />

j. All equipment shall be able to be disconnected with unions or flanges from the<br />

system.<br />

k. All equipment will be fully bypassable.<br />

l. Valved water sampling ports will be provided in the LSS equipment area.<br />

m. Two primary filtration pumps that will each have the capacity to run the LSS at<br />

design capacity will be installed so that a full backup pump is accessible with the<br />

turn <strong>of</strong> two valves. Piping on the suction side <strong>of</strong> the filter pumps shall be sized to<br />

h<strong>and</strong>le the designed system flow at less than 4 ft/second. Piping on the discharge<br />

side <strong>of</strong> the filter pumps shall be sized to h<strong>and</strong>le the designed system flow at less

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