Otter (Lutrinae) Care Manual - Association of Zoos and Aquariums
Otter (Lutrinae) Care Manual - Association of Zoos and Aquariums
Otter (Lutrinae) Care Manual - Association of Zoos and Aquariums
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<strong>Association</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Zoos</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Aquariums</strong> 141<br />
<strong>Otter</strong> (<strong>Lutrinae</strong>) <strong>Care</strong> <strong>Manual</strong><br />
construction <strong>of</strong> the LSS. The second phase shall include the construction <strong>of</strong> the<br />
LSS.<br />
b. Remove all existing LSS equipment <strong>and</strong> piping. Please provide an alternate to<br />
perform this work.<br />
c. Piping will connect to existing main drains, surface skimmer, returns, waterfall,<br />
overflow, waste <strong>and</strong> domestic water lines.<br />
d. 8 hours LSS Startup <strong>and</strong> Zoo staff operator training.<br />
2. Zoo<br />
a. Exhibits will be emptied <strong>of</strong> all water <strong>and</strong> animals.<br />
b. The Zoo is responsible for the integrity <strong>and</strong> functioning <strong>of</strong> existing underground<br />
<strong>and</strong> through-wall piping <strong>and</strong> electrical service.<br />
c. Provide all electrical connections from existing electrical panels. (See Alternates)<br />
B. BASE EXHIBIT DATA<br />
<strong>Otter</strong> Exhibit<br />
a. 20,000-gallon fresh water pool.<br />
b. Exhibit pool is outdoors.<br />
c. Fresh water provided by existing domestic water supply.<br />
d. Exhibit maximum capacity to be two river otters.<br />
e. Exhibit filtration consists <strong>of</strong> s<strong>and</strong> filtration with manual backwash operation.<br />
f. Exhibit disinfection currently done by bromine additions.<br />
C. LSS DESIGN PARAMETERS<br />
1. The LSS equipment will be sized to meet or exceed the following minimum requirements.<br />
If the minimum requirements appear insufficient, provide an explanation for concerns on<br />
the sizing. Any additions, deletions, or substitutions must be approved by the designated<br />
representative <strong>of</strong> the Zoo.<br />
a. Turnover rate for the <strong>Otter</strong> system shall be at least 60 minutes.<br />
b. System shall have flow meters appropriately placed to monitor the turnover rate.<br />
c. Waterfalls in the exhibits shall be on a separate loop (with a dedicated pump) from<br />
the LSS.<br />
d. Both systems shall have skimmers adequately sized <strong>and</strong> located to deal with the<br />
heavy leaf litter problem. Skimmer openings shall be screened to protect against<br />
accidental intrusion by live exhibit tenants.<br />
e. If s<strong>and</strong> filters are specified, they will be sized to less than or equal to 10 gpm/sqft<br />
<strong>of</strong> filter area at 100% <strong>of</strong> system flow. Backwash shall be manual or hydraulic in<br />
operation.<br />
f. Exhibit disinfection shall be provided by an automated ozone injection treatment<br />
system.<br />
g. Ozone system will be sized for a 20% side-stream <strong>and</strong> a contact time <strong>of</strong> 2-3<br />
minutes. It shall include an ozone destruct unit. There shall be no residual ozone in<br />
the exhibit.<br />
h. There shall be a trickle filter sized for the full system flow at 15 gpm / sq. ft (<strong>of</strong><br />
tower cross section). The tower shall have enough height to provide adequate gas<br />
exchange <strong>and</strong> prevent air entrainment in the exhibit.<br />
i. All domestic freshwater supply lines shall have flow meters.<br />
j. All equipment shall be able to be disconnected with unions or flanges from the<br />
system.<br />
k. All equipment will be fully bypassable.<br />
l. Valved water sampling ports will be provided in the LSS equipment area.<br />
m. Two primary filtration pumps that will each have the capacity to run the LSS at<br />
design capacity will be installed so that a full backup pump is accessible with the<br />
turn <strong>of</strong> two valves. Piping on the suction side <strong>of</strong> the filter pumps shall be sized to<br />
h<strong>and</strong>le the designed system flow at less than 4 ft/second. Piping on the discharge<br />
side <strong>of</strong> the filter pumps shall be sized to h<strong>and</strong>le the designed system flow at less