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B.Tech. Degree Programme Computer Science & Engineering

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Lingaya’s University, Faridabadand gain saturation, saturation intensity,development and growth of a laser beam,exponential growth factor, threshold requirementfor a laser.3. NORMAL INVERSION: Inversions and two levelsystems, steady state inversions,4. POPULATION INVERSION: Three and four levelsystems, transient population inversions, factorseffecting population inversion, laser Amplifiers.5. EXCITATION AND PUMPING: Excitation orpumping threshold requirements, pumpingpathway and specific excitation parametersassociated with optical and particle pumping.6. TYPES OF LASERS: Helium-Neon Laser, CO 2Laser, Ruby Laser, Semiconductor diode laser.7. LASER SPECTROSCOPY: Introduction andapplicationsTEXT BOOKSilfvast William T., “Laser Fundamentals”, CambridgeUniversity PressREFERENCE BOOKS1. Beynon John, “Introductory University Optics”,Prentice Hall of India.2. Ghatak A. K., “Optics”, Tata McGraw Hill.* * * * * *97

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