2 Renmark to border LAP area assessment - EPA - Sa.gov.au
2 Renmark to border LAP area assessment - EPA - Sa.gov.au
2 Renmark to border LAP area assessment - EPA - Sa.gov.au
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River Murray and Lower Lakes catchment risk <strong>assessment</strong> for water quality: Results and management options<br />
Table 1.1 Stressors and their potential effect on environmental values*<br />
18<br />
Stressor Environmental value<br />
<strong>Sa</strong>linity (SA) Can decrease species<br />
diversity and health<br />
Pathogens (PA)<br />
eg E coli, Giardia,<br />
Cryp<strong>to</strong>sporidium<br />
Nutrients (NU)<br />
eg phosphorus and<br />
nitrogen compounds<br />
Turbidity (TU) ✝<br />
suspended solids<br />
Heavy metals (HM)<br />
eg arsenic, lead,<br />
zinc, copper<br />
Natural and other<br />
biodegradable organic<br />
matter (OR)<br />
eg oils, leaves, hair,<br />
dissolved organic<br />
carbon<br />
Hydrocarbons (HY)<br />
eg fuels, diesel<br />
Pesticides (PE)<br />
eg insecticides,<br />
fungicides<br />
Aquatic ecosystem Raw water supply Recreational use<br />
Predominantly water<br />
taste implication<br />
Not applicable Potential health<br />
Contributes <strong>to</strong> algal<br />
growth/blooms that can<br />
lead <strong>to</strong> reduced DO<br />
levels and fish kills;<br />
ammonia can be <strong>to</strong>xic <strong>to</strong><br />
biota<br />
Changes optical<br />
properties, affects<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>synthesis, smothers<br />
habitats<br />
Potential <strong>to</strong>xicant; may<br />
bioaccumulate in some<br />
species<br />
Breakdown leads <strong>to</strong><br />
reduction in DO which<br />
can result in fish kills;<br />
breakdown may also<br />
release nutrients and<br />
subsequently increase<br />
algal growth<br />
Toxic; affects surfacedwelling<br />
organisms<br />
Toxic; may<br />
bioaccumulate<br />
implications<br />
Contributes <strong>to</strong> algal<br />
growth/blooms which can<br />
c<strong>au</strong>se taste and odour<br />
issues; nitrate may be<br />
<strong>to</strong>xic at high levels<br />
(>10 mg/L)<br />
Increases cost of water<br />
treatment (filtration,<br />
coagulation)<br />
Potential health<br />
implications for certain<br />
metals (eg arsenic)<br />
Increases cost of<br />
treatment, increases<br />
chlorine demand,<br />
responsible for byproduct<br />
formation during<br />
disinfection<br />
Health and treatment<br />
system implications<br />
Not applicable<br />
Potential health<br />
implications<br />
Contributes <strong>to</strong> algal<br />
growth/blooms, which<br />
can be <strong>to</strong>xic and a skin<br />
irritant, and can affect<br />
visual clarity of the<br />
water<br />
Changes optical<br />
properties, limits<br />
visual clarity<br />
Health implications<br />
from skin contact at<br />
high concentrations<br />
Aesthetics at high<br />
concentrations<br />
Health implications,<br />
aesthetics<br />
Health implications Health implications<br />
from skin contact at<br />
high concentrations<br />
* Shaded cells are stressors considered as part of the risk <strong>assessment</strong> for a particular environmental<br />
value; other stressors not applicable (would not affect a particular environmental value) or not<br />
considered <strong>to</strong> occur or be applicable in current project<br />
✝<br />
Assessment of turbidity includes suspended solids (SS) within the water column; loss of clarity<br />
within the column c<strong>au</strong>sed by larger-sized SS particles is temporary as they settle out<br />
DO—dissolved oxygen
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