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Notes to the consolidated financial statements continuedThe liability recognised in the balance sheet in respect of definedbenefit plans is the present value of the defined benefit obligationsat the balance sheet date less the fair values of plan assets, togetherwith adjustments for unrecognised actuarial gains or losses andpast service costs. The defined benefit obligations are calculated ona regular cyclical basis by independent actuaries using the projectedunit credit method. The present value of the defined benefit obligationis determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows usingthe yields available at balance sheet dates on high-quality corporatebonds that are denominated in the currency in which the benefits willbe paid, and that have terms to maturity consistent with the terms ofthe related pension liability.Past service costs are recognised immediately in income, unlessthe changes to the pension plan are conditional on the employeesremaining in service for a specified period of time (‘the vestingperiod’). In this case, the past service costs are amortised on thestraight-line method over the vesting period.Actuarial gains and losses in excess of the greater of 10 per cent of thevalue of plan assets or 10 per cent of the defined benefit obligationsare charged or credited to income over the expected average remainingservice lives of employees.For defined contribution plans, the Group pays contributions to publiclyor privately administered pension insurance plans on a mandatory,contractual or voluntary basis. The Group has no further paymentobligations once the contributions have been paid. The contributionsare recognised as an employee benefit expense when they are due.Prepaid contributions are recognised as an asset to the extent thata cash refund or a reduction in the future payments is available.(b) Termination benefitsTermination benefits are payable when employment is terminatedbefore the normal retirement date, or when an employee acceptsvoluntary redundancy in exchange for these benefits. The Grouprecognises termination benefits when it is demonstrably committed toeither terminating the employment of current employees according toa detailed formal plan without possibility of withdrawal or providingtermination benefits as a result of an offer made to encouragevoluntary redundancy.(c) Short-term incentive plansThe Group recognises a liability and an expense for short-termincentives where contractually obliged or where there is a pastpractice that has created a constructive obligation.(d) Share-based paymentThe Group operates an equity-settled share-based compensation planbased on options granted in respect of Richemont shares. The fair valueof the employee services received in exchange for the grant of optionsis recognised as an expense. The total amount to be expensed over thevesting period is determined by reference to the fair value of the optionsgranted, excluding the impact of any non-market vesting conditions.Non-market vesting conditions are included in assumptions aboutthe number of options that are expected to become exercisable. Ateach balance sheet date, the Group revises its estimate of the numberof options that are expected to vest. It recognises the impact of therevision of original estimates, if any, in the income statement over theremaining vesting period and a corresponding adjustment to equity.2.17. ProvisionsProvisions for restructuring costs, legal claims and other liabilitiesare recognised when: the Group has a present legal or constructiveobligation as a result of past events; it is more likely than not thatan outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation; andthe amount has been reliably estimated. Restructuring and propertyrelated provisions comprise lease termination penalties and employeetermination payments. Provisions are not recognised for futureoperating losses.Where there are a number of similar obligations, the likelihood thatan outflow will be required in settlement is determined by consideringthe class of obligations as a whole. A provision is recognised even ifthe likelihood of an outflow with respect to any one item includedin the same class of obligations may be small.Provisions are measured at the present value at the balance sheet dateof management’s best estimate of the expenditure required to settle theobligation. The pre-tax discount rate used to determine the presentvalue reflects current market assessments of the time value of moneyand the risk specific to the liability. Any increase in provisions due tothe passage of time is recognised as interest expense.2.18. Revenue recognition(a) Goods and servicesSales revenue comprises the fair value of the sale of goods andservices, net of value-added tax, duties, other sales taxes, rebatesand trade discounts and after eliminating sales within the Group.Revenue is recognised when significant risks and rewards of ownershipof the goods are transferred to the buyer. Where there is a practiceof agreeing to customer returns, accumulated experience is used toestimate and provide for such returns at the time of sale.(b) Interest incomeInterest income is recognised on a time-proportion basis using theeffective interest method.(c) Royalty incomeRoyalty income is recognised on the accruals basis in accordancewith the substance of the relevant agreements.(d) Dividend incomeDividend income is recognised when the right to receive paymentis established.2.19. Leases(a) Operating leasesPayments made under operating leases (net of any incentives received)are charged to the income statement on the straight-line methodover the lease term. Sub-lease income (net of any incentives given)is credited to the income statement on the straight-line method overthe sub-lease term.64 Richemont Annual Report and Accounts 2009Consolidated financial statements