years of experience-do average salaries in the public sector exceed those paid forsimilar positions in private university libraries (see Table 21).B. LIBRARY SIZESize of the library, as measured by the number of professional staff, is anothersignificant determinant of salary. As a rule, the largest libraries pay the highest averagesalaries, not only overall, but for specific positions as well. The cutoff staffing levelsused to determine the largest cohort of libraries has declined since 1995-96, indicating ageneral trend towards downsizing in the largest cohort of libraries.11 For the first timethis year, the second largest cohort of libraries, with staff levels between 75 and 110, hasthe highest average salary, $52,961, compared to $52,799 for the largest cohort withstaff over 110. Libraries with staff of 50-74 professionals paid an average salary of$50,167 and those with staff between 24 and 49 paid $48,901. The difference in salariesbetween the highest paying cohort and the lowest paying cohort is $4,060, a smallerdifference compared to last year's of $4,427 (see Table 23).C. GEOGRAPHIC AREAThe highest salaries are found in the Pacific area (see Table 25), followed by NewEngland and, the Middle Atlantic. All three areas have overall average salaries higherthan $50,000, with the Pacific area averaging as high as $58,605. Canadian salaries arethe lowest; Canada's currency has had a declining purchasing power against the u.s.dollar since the early '90s (Table 4). Note that the Canadian dollar has hit new lows(1.5103 Canadian dollars to one u.S. dollar).·12 Within the U.S., salaries in the WestSouth Central region are the lowest, followed by the East South Central, and WestNorth Central, and South Atlantic areas.D. RANK STRUCTURERank structure continues to provide a useful framework for examiningprofessional salaries in <strong>ARL</strong> university libraries. The following table displays averagesalary and years of experience in the most commonly used rank structures. Readersshould be aware that not all individuals have a rank that fits into the rank structure thelibrary utilizes. Most commonly, directors may have no rank or a rank outside the11 In J 995-96, the largest coh0J1 oflibrarics was determined based on staff over 124; in 1996-98, over 120; in 1998-99, over 115; and, this year,over 110. See Table 23.12 This is the average monthly noon exchange rate published in the Bank of Canada Review for the period July 1998-June <strong>1999</strong> and is used inconverting <strong>1999</strong>-<strong>2000</strong> figures that arc collected as of July <strong>1999</strong>.19
structure, and it is common for nonlibrarians included in the survey (business officers,personnel staff, computer specialists, etc.) to be unranked as well.The pattern of relationships between rank and salary seen in past years continueswith the present report where higher rank is associated with higher average years ofexperience and a higher salary. Over 65% (5,631 professionals) of the 8,595 librarians in<strong>ARL</strong> university member libraries occupy a rank within these three most commonlyfound ranking systems. And the largest number of librarians (3,312 or 38.5%) occupiesa rank in a four-step rank structure.Figure 4AVERAGE SALARIES AND AVERAGE YEARS OF EXPERIENCE OF LIBRARY PROFESSIONALSIN LIBRARIES WITH THREE, FOUR, AND FIVE STEP RANK STRUCTURESThree-Step Four-Step Five-Step<strong>Salary</strong> Experience <strong>Salary</strong> Experience <strong>Salary</strong> ExperienceLibrarian 1 37,970 9.6 36,125 5.9 36,071 5.2Librarian 2 46,783 17.5 42,208 12.4 42,635 13.1Librarian 3 62,194 22.7 50,432 19.5 48,390 17.5Librarian 4 62,222 24.4 60,447 21.1Librarian 5 65,643 25.8No. of Staff 1,360 3,312 959INFLATION EFFECTTables 2 and 6 reveal changes in beginning professional and median salaries, aswell as changes in the U.S. Bureau of Labor's Cost of Living Index (CPI-U) foruniversity and nonuniversity research libraries. Table 3 is similar to Table 2 but reportsdata only on u.s. libraries. Table 4 shows trend data for Canadian libraries andcompares them to the Canadian Consumer Price Index changes. Tables 2, 3, and 4include law and medical library staff in <strong>ARL</strong> university libraries. All tables indicate thatthe purchasing power of professionals working in <strong>ARL</strong> libraries increased faster thaninflation.The median salary for all <strong>ARL</strong> libraries was $47,377 in <strong>1999</strong>-<strong>2000</strong>; for only U.s.<strong>ARL</strong> libraries it was $48,000; and for Canadian <strong>ARL</strong> libraries it was $41,316 converted at20