tunisia after 14 january and its social and political economy - Refworld

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S U M M A R YExecutive Summary 12Introduction 20I. The rhetoric of ‘stability’ and the economic ‘miracle’ 28I. 1. The modes of construction of official discourse 30I.1.A. The cunning choice of comparisons 30I.1.B. Shifts in techniques of accountancy and classification 31I.1.C. The forgetting of past performances 32I.1.D. The appropriation of social phenomena 32I.1.E. The concealment of divergent information 34I.1.F. A skilful presentation of the figures 34I.1.F.a. Negotiated and massaged figures 34I.1.F.b. that are concealed and not published 36I.1.G. A fundamental semantic shift in the notion of stability 37I.1.G.a. A mastery of the vocabulary and international grammar 37I.1.G.b. A desire to master the agenda proper to the regime 38I.1. H. The policy of donors and in particular the European Union at the heartof the miracle 39I. 2. A discourse which conceals a social reality marked by the deepening of inequalitiesand by authoritarian modes of government 41I.2.A. Unemployment and the extreme difficulty young people face in gaining accessto the labour market 41I.2.B. The regional gap between the interior of the country and the coast 43I.2.C. A transformation in the organisation of work 45I.2.D. Corruption and exploitation: full modes of government 46I.2.E. Managing supernumeraries by tolerance of illegality 48I.2.F. Liberalization without liberalism, a political economy of ceaseless interventions 49I.2.F.a. The confusion between discourse and reality 50I.2.F.b. Hidden power relations 50I.2.G European policies in Tunisia 528
T U N I S I A A F T E R 1 4 J A N U A R Y A N D I T S S O C I A L A N D P O L I T I C A L E C O N O M YT H E I S S U E S A T S T A K E I N A R E C O N F I G U R A T I O N O F E U R O P E A N P O L I C YII. The reconfiguration of power, the socio-economic challenges of the revolution,and European policy 54II. 1.The uncertainty and the changing nature of the current political situation:a bias towards continuity in economic options 58II.1.A. The priority given to security and stability in a short-term vision 58II.1.B. Political life: the primacy of short-term strategic considerations 59II.1.C. The issue of unemployment, employment and assistance 60II.1.C.a. Pursuing a strategy of minimizing the quantification of unemployment 60II.1.C.b. The extension of an employment model that has generated frustrationand anger 62II.1.C.c. A hazy strategy of short-term recovery 63II.1.D. Focusing on corruption, which prevents a rethinking of the politicaleconomy of intervention 64II.1.E. The decision to pursue the neoliberal option 66II.1.E.a. The diktat of the great balances 66II.1.E.b. Assuming a full place in globalization: competitiveness throughlower labour costs 67II. 2. The stakes for a radical transformation of the political economy of Tunisia 70II.2.A. Reviewing the development model 70II.2.A.a. Dependence on Europe 70II.2.A.b. The limits of the dualistic model and specialization in downmarketoutsourcing 71II.2.A.c. The agricultural economy 73II.2.A.d. The system of incentives and tax policy 74II.2.A.e. Rethinking public service policies 75II.2.A.f. The migration issue 77II.2.B. Modes of government 80II.2.B.a. Clientelism 80II.2.B.b. How the bureaucracy works: between party allegiance,distancing and centralization 82II.2.B.c. Taking into account the balance of power in the economic sphere 84II.2.B.d. Emerging from consensus and instrumental rationality 85II.2.B.e. For an analysis of the political economy 86Conclusion 909
Page 1: TUNISIA AFTER 14 JANUARY AND ITSSOC
Page 6: This document has been produced wit
Page 12 and 13: E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r yMADE
Page 14 and 15: An alarming socio-economic situatio
Page 16 and 17: In public debate, the analysis of c
Page 18 and 19: half between conceptualization and
Page 20 and 21: I N T R O D U C T I o nMADE by Euro
Page 22 and 23: More specifically the report is an
Page 24 and 25: I. The rhetoric of ‘stability’
Page 26 and 27: I . 1 . T h e m o d e s o f c o n s
Page 28 and 29: modernisation and is now the engine
Page 30 and 31: I.1.E.The concealment of divergent
Page 32 and 33: I.1.F.b. Data that are concealed an
Page 34 and 35: of reforms deemed capable of settin
Page 36 and 37: or the ‘developing’ and ‘emer
Page 38 and 39: unemployment rate among young peopl
Page 40 and 41: as well as in Tunis. In addition, T
Page 42 and 43: conditions. In order to operate, th
Page 44 and 45: I.2.E. Managing supernumeraries by
Page 46 and 47: I.2.F.a. The confusion between disc
Page 48 and 49: their behaviour. Disciplinary power
Page 50 and 51: II.The reconfiguration of power,THE
Page 52 and 53: of the cumbersome bureaucratic mach
Page 54 and 55: II. 1. The uncertainty and the chan
Page 56 and 57: opposing or supporting the transiti
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a year, including all those who, wh
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factory for the Tunisian Chemical G
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Justice Program of the European Uni
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such zones, it is not only the natu
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II. 2. The stakes for a radical tra
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from 2000 and had opened the biddin
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II.2.A.d. The system of incentives
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Europeans are tackling this issue,
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has not stopped. Tunisians still ma
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The ambiguities are obvious and any
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II.2.B.b. How the bureaucracy works
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II.2.B.c. Taking into account the b
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diminishing trickle. At the nationa
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construction of these arrangements,
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Conclusion86The current situation i
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