Treating the Symptoms - A Critical Review of ... - Civic Exchange

126Endnotes1 HKSAR Planning Department (1999), Urban Renewal Strategy Study: Executive Summary, http://www.pland.gov.hk/p_study/comp_s/urss/urss_e.htm, downloaded 14 May 2009.2 Brundtland, G. (ed.)(1987), Our Common Future: The World Commission on Environment and Development, Oxford:Oxford University Press.3 United Nations General Assembly (2005), 2005 World Summit Outcome, http://www.who.int/hiv/universalaccess2010/worldsummit.pdf, downloaded 12 July 2010.4 HKSAR Census and Statistics Department, Table: Population by Sex, http://www.censtatd.gov.hk/hong_kong_statistics/statistical_tables/index.jsp?htmlTableID=139&excelID=&chartID=&tableID=001, downloaded 3 June 2009.5 “Memorandum by the Director of Public Works”, 12 March 1953, quoted in Bristow, R. (1984), Land Use Planning inHong Kong: History, Policies and Procedures, Oxford: Oxford University Press, p.74..6 DeGolyer, M. E. (2008), Hong Kong’s Silent Epidemic: Public Opinion Survey on Air Pollution, Environment and PublicHealth 2008, Hong Kong: Civic Exchange, p. 20.7 Ibid., pp. 26-27.8 Leo Ou-fan Lee (2008), City Between Worlds: My Hong Kong, Harvard University Press, p. 250.9 Yeung, R., “The Emergence of New Media in Hong Kong Politics”, Hong Kong Journal, Issue 8, October 2007, http://www.hkjournal.org/PDF/2007_winter/2.pdf, downloaded 22 July 2009.10 Tong lau were a common type of terraced shop-house in the pre-war period, built in a distinctive hybrid Chinese-European style. They were three to five storeys tall, narrow and deep, and usually had balconies supported on pillarsprojecting over the pavement. Most were redeveloped into taller buildings during the post-war period, and now remainonly in isolated pockets.11 Lee (2008), op. cit., p. 214.12 Hong Kong Legislative Council, Official Repord of Proceedings, 28 November 1985, p. 256.13 Tsang, S. W., “A cure for our eyesores”, South China Morning Post, 28 October 1987.14 Pong, Y. Y., personal interview, 21 July 2009.15 Pong, Y.Y., personal interview, 21 July 2009.16 Mu, F. Y. et al., “Dynamic monitoring of the built-up area expansion of Hong Kong based on remote sensing and thedriving mechanism analysis”, International Society for Optical Engineering Conference Proceedings, Vol. 6418, 54181E,2006, http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.712956, downloaded 27 May 2009.17 HKSAR Government (2008), “Hong Kong: The Facts – Population”, Hong Kong Fact Sheets, http://www.gov.hk/en/about/abouthk/factsheets/docs/population.pdf, downloaded 12 July 2010.18 Anon, “The choke’s on us,” South China Morning Post, 25 May 2006.19 Hong Kong Tourism Board, “Nature Tours”, Touring, http://discoverhongkong.com/eng/local-tours/outdoor.html,downloaded 1 June 2009.20 Hong Kong Alternatives, Why an Urban Green Park?, http://www.hkalternatives.com/Eng/proposal2.html, downloaded1 June 2009.21 Singapore Urban Redevelopment Authority (2000), Deliberating the Dilemmas, http://www.ura.gov.sg/skyline/2000/05_Sep_Oct/deliberating_the_dilemmas_pdf.pdf, downloaded 1 June 2009.22 University of Hong Kong Public Opinion Programme, (21 January 2006), Planning for West Kowloon and the HarbourFront, p.2, http://www.hkalternatives.com/Eng/downloads/Presentations/HKU-POP-Survey-Results-2006-0124-English.pdf, downloaded 12 July 2010.23 Smith, Peter Cookson (2006), The Urban Design of Impermanence: Streets, Places and Spaces in Hong Kong, Hong Kong:MCM Creations, p. 10.24 Character streets have a concentration of shops specializing in one type of good or service, such as “Sneaker Street” andFlower Market Road in Mong Kok.25 Gorer, P. et al. (2008), “‘Green’ House or Greenhouse? - Climate Change and the Building Stock of Hong Kong andMacau”, Hong Kong: Civic Exchange, p.11.26 Ibid., p. 14.27 Ibid., pp. 15-16.28 HKSAR Planning Department (2002), Urban Design Guidelines for Hong Kong: Executive Summary, http://www.pland.gov.hk/p_study/comp_s/udg/udg_es/dig_eng/urban_cover.htm, downloaded 8 June 2009.29 HKSAR Planning Department (2009), “Urban Design Guidelines”, Hong Kong Planning Standards and Guidelines,http://www.pland.gov.hk/pland_en/tech_doc/hkpsg/full/ch11/ch11_text.htm, downloaded 29 May 2010.30 HKSAR Planning Department (2009), “Introduction”, Hong Kong Planning Standards and Guidelines, http://www.pland.gov.hk/pland_en/tech_doc/hkpsg/full/ch1/ch1_text.htm, downloaded 29 May 2010.31 HKSAR Planning Department (2009), “Implementation”, Hong Kong Planning Standards and Guidelines, http://www.pland.gov.hk/pland_en/tech_doc/hkpsg/full/ch11/ch11_text.htm - 8.Implementation, downloaded 3 July 2009.32 Bristow, R. (1984), Land Use Planning in Hong Kong, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 218-230.33 HKSAR Land Development Corporation (2000), The LDC Experience: 12 years’ Efforts of Urban Renewal, 1988-2000,Hong Kong: The Corporation, p. 2.34 Ng, M. K., “Property-led urban renewal in Hong Kong: Any place for community?”, Sustainable Development, v. 10,2002, pp. 140-146.35 HKSAR Legislative Council Panel on Development (2009), Progress of Work of the Urban Renewal AuthorityCB(1)1947/08-09(03), http://www.legco.gov.hk/yr08-09/english/panels/dev/papers/dev0623cb1-1947-3-e.pdf,downloaded 29 May 2010.36 HKSAR Land Development Corporation (2000), op. cit., p. 9.37 HKSAR Legislative Council Subcommittee to Study the Urban Renewal Authority White Bill (1999), TheAdministration’s response to major concerns raised by various organizations at the Subcommittee meetings held on 19 and 24November 1999, 2 December 1999, http://www.legco.gov.hk/yr99-00/english/hc/sub_com/hs01/papers/a527e01.pdf,downloaded 5 June 2010.38 HKSAR Planning Department (1999), op. cit., Chapter 2.39 Leung Yiu Chung to opposed the URA bill for several reasons, including the threat the URA’s extraordinary powers ofresumption would pose to individual property rights, the inadequacy of the compensation rates offered, and the opacityof the URA’s redevelopment schedule. HKSAR Legislative Council (2000), Official Record of Proceedings 26 June 2000,pp. 8653-8657, http://legco.gov.hk/yr99-00/english/counmtg/hansard/000626fe.pdf, downloaded 5 June 2010.40 Ibid. , pp. 8645-8646.41 Ibid., pp. 8647-8649.42 HKSAR Urban Renewal Authority Ordinance, para. 20.43 HKSAR Planning and Lands Bureau, Letter to Ms. Odelia Yeung, clerk to the LegCo Subcommitee to study the UrbanRenewal Authority White Bill, 1 February 2000, pp. 3-4, http://www.legco.gov.hk/yr99-00/english/bc/bc09/papers/954e.pdf, downloaded 28 August 2009.44 HKSAR Planning Department (1999), op. cit., para. 7.45 HKSAR Planning Department (1999), op. cit., para. 2.46 HKSAR Planning and Lands Bureau (2002), Legislative Council Panel on Planning, Lands, and Works - Capital Injectioninto the Urban Renewal Authority, http://www.legco.gov.hk/yr01-02/english/panels/plw/papers/plw0531cb1-1828-1e.pdf, downloaded 29 May 2010.47 The former LDC, which had less power to resume land, generally offered market rate compensation (although itwas sometimes willing to pay more to persuade recalcitrant owners to leave). When the URA was first formed, thegovernment proposed using a ten year-old flat as the benchmark for compensation, but under political pressure fromlegislators it increased compensation to a seven year-old flat.48 The LDC used to have to re-house tenants using its own resources, but the URA now receives assistance from theHousing Authority and Housing Society.49 HKSAR Planning and Lands Bureau (2002), op. cit.50 HKSAR Urban Renewal Authority (2008), Urban Renewal: A Sensible Balance – Annual Report 2007-2008.51 Lam, C., “Urban Renewal Strategy Review – A Timely Initiative”, Presentation to the Royal Institute of CharteredSurveyors Asia, 25 July 2009, http://www.ricsasia.org/newsDetail.php?id=66, downloaded 2 February 2010.52 HKSAR Planning and Lands Bureau (2002), op. cit.53 A number of 999-year leases were issued between 1849 and 1898 on Hong Kong Island and on the Kowloon peninsula.999 year leases were initially introduced as an economic concession towards merchants in the very early days of thecolony, and later offered as a political concession to proven Chinese land owners on the Kowloon peninsula when theBritish took control of it in 1860. The practice was ended in 1898. Being effectively freehold land, 999-year leases arenow extremely valuable because the owners will not need to pay lease renewal premiums for the conceivable future.Bristow, R. (1984), op. cit., pp. 27-38.