Full Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education, Issue ...

60Genskow and BornTable 1. Watershed examples of organizational dynamics.Dungeness River Watershed, Washington, USAArea: 300 mi 2Major Issues: Water allocation, fisheries, minimum in-stream flows, habitat, water qualityTransitions: Several significant shifts based on planning and issue-identification processes. Efforts between 1987and 2000 include two incarnations of the Dungeness River Management Team (DRMT), a Dungeness River AreaWatershed Management Committee, the Dungeness-Quilcene Regional Planning Group, the Dungeness RiverRestoration Work Group. DRMT has also served as “lead entity” for additional state-funded habitat protection andplanning efforts.Precipitators: Water use conflict and funding opportunities for planning and management efforts.Additional Information: Born and Genskow 2000Tomorrow-Waupaca River Watershed, Wisconsin, USAArea: 290 mi 2Major Issues: Resource protection, ground water qualityTransitions: Citizen initiation of a multi-interest Tomorrow-Waupaca Watershed Association, which transitionedinto an advisory and oversight “steering committee” for a government funded watershed management project.Precipitators: Initial perception of threat and opportunity for project funding.Additional Information: Born and Genskow 2000Yakima River Watershed, Washington, USAArea: 6,155 mi 2Major Issues: Water allocation/use, fisheries, minimum in-stream flows, water quality.Transitions: Multi-interest initiated watershed council developed consensus plan. Partners secured funding foradditional work through a key partner, which redirected the effort away from the consensus plan and disempoweredthe council.Precipitators: Water use conflicts and recognition of threats; funding opportunities.Additional Information: Born and Genskow 1999, Genskow 2001, Kent 2004, Woolley and McGinnis 1999.process with formal caucus groups representing avariety of watershed interests.This series of intensive interactions withoverlapping participation led to several importantdevelopments. One of the most significant was anagreement between irrigators and the WashingtonDepartment of Ecology regarding water withdrawalsand in-stream flows. The agreement, which was laterinstitutionalized through a formal Memorandumof Understanding, created trust water rights forthe Dungeness, restored flows to the river, reduceduncertainty regarding tribal claims to in-streamflows, and enabled substantial assistance forirrigation efficiency improvements, partly throughfederal habitat improvement grants through thetribal government. The various planning effortsalso led to the creation of a river and watershededucation center, funded in large part throughprivate donations. Upon completion of the state pilotplanning effort, the county and tribal governmentsreconstituted the abandoned Dungeness RiverManagement Team to oversee implementationof multiple plans and coordinate information andactivities about a wide range of issues related to theDungeness River and watershed, including salmonrestoration, water quality, ground and surface waterflows, development rights, and private propertyrights.Tomorrow-WaupacaThe Partnership for the Tomorrow-WaupacaRiver and watershed emerged from a large meeting,convened by a private citizen, of resource managers,researchers, and other citizens with interests in theriver and watershed. The individual who initiatedthe meeting was a riparian landowner and anglerwho had worked with a local conservation chapter toimprove habitat along stream banks on her property.Interested in working with others in different partsof the river, she began a coordination effort forthe river and watershed that led to the formationof the Tomorrow-Waupaca Watershed Association(TWWA), a group comprised of interested citizenssupported by a broad base of agency and researchadvisors. Through the efforts of its participants,the partnership transformed from its origins as acitizen-driven non-governmental organizationinto a formal, multi-million-dollar watershedUCOWRJOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY WATER RESEARCH & EDUCATION