Nhng tin b trong Quang hc, Quang ph vÃ ng dng VI ISSN 1859 - 4271

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Advances in Optics, Photonics, Spectroscopy & Applications VI ISSN 1859 - 4271associated with the migration of self-trapped excitons to the impurities [11]. Since this is a nonradiativeprocess, fluorescence intensity is inevitably reduced while the fluorescence decay timeis shortened. The mechanism of emission quenching is the same as that observed in manyscintilla<s<strong>trong</strong>>tin</s<strong>trong</strong>>g crystals under high-energy excitation [12-14]. The use of In ion as dopanteffectively decreases the radiative decay time, and it would be of interest to next look at theeffect of In ion concentration to see whether further shortening of this decay process is stillpossible.Fig.3. (a) Single shot streak camera image of fluorescence from In-doped ZnO with very few Li. (b)Signal-to-noise-ratio was improved by integra<s<strong>trong</strong>>tin</s<strong>trong</strong>>g 200 single shot images after calibra<s<strong>trong</strong>>tin</s<strong>trong</strong>>g each imageusing the Ti:sap<strong>ph</strong>ire laser peak as reference time (t = 0). (c) Single exponential fit (dashed curve) to thetemporal profile of (b) shows a 3.1-ps fluorescence decay time, which would enable timing adjustmentwith 3-ps accuracy when synchronizing two pulsesIV. CONCLUSIONIn summary, we have demonstrated that with the newly developed response time-improved,In-doped ZnO, the response time of a soft X-ray scintillator is drastically shortened, whileproviding enough luminescence intensity to allow single shot measurements with a streakcamera system. The ability to synchronize pulses with 3-ps accuracy presents a milestone inpump-probe technique employing short wavelength ultrafast sources. This is an essential tool forprobing atomic and electronic dynamics on a microscopic scale to observe dynamic processessuch as energy transfer and structural evolution. Development of this new scintillator is expectedto create new possibilities for accurate pump-probe synchronization for time-resolved x-rayspectroscopy including bio<strong>ph</strong>ysics applications. With the help of this In-doped ZnO scintillator,what is otherwise a very complex and inefficient process of spatially and temporally aligningultrafast pump and probe pulses involving XFEL pulses and optical pulses without a scintillator,is now as easy and efficient as conventional pump and probe experiments using visible light.58
Những tiến bộ <strong>trong</strong> <strong>Quang</strong> học, <strong>Quang</strong> <strong>ph</strong>ổ và Ứng dụng VI ISSN 1859 - 4271REFERENCES[1] T. Shintake, H. Tanaka, T. Hara,T. Tanaka, K. Togawa,M. Yabashi, Y. Otake, Y. Asano, T. Bizen,T. Fukui, S. Goto, A. Higashiya, T. Hirono, N. Hosoda, T. Inagaki, S. Inoue, M. Ishii,Y. Kim, H.Kimura, M. Kitamura,T. Kobayashi, H. Maesaka,T. Masuda, S. Matsui, T. Matsushita, X. Marechal,M. Nagasono, H.Ohashi, T. Hata, T. Ohshima, K. Onoe, K. Shirasawa, T. Takagi, S. Takahashi, M.Takeuchi, K. Tamasaku, R. Tanaka, Y. Tanaka, T. Tanikawa, T. Togashi, S. Wu, A. Yamashita, K.Yanagida, C. Zhang, H. Kitamura, And T. Ishikawa, Nature Photon. Vol. 2, 2008, pp. 555-559.[2] E. Ohshima, H. Ogino, I. Niikura, K. Maeda, M. Sato, M. Ito, and T. Fukuda, J. Cryst. Growth Vol.260, 2004, pp. 166-170.[3] M. Tanaka, M. Nishikino, H. Yamatani, K. Nagashima, T. Kimura, Y. Furukawa, H. Murakami, S.Saito, N. Sarukura, H. Nishimura, K. Mima, Y. Kagamitani, D. Ehrentraut, and T. Fukuda, Appl.Phys. Lett. Vol. 91, 2007, pp. 231117-1-231117-3.[4] Y. Furukawa, M. Tanaka, T. Nakazato, T. Tatsumi, M. Nishikino, H. Yamatani, K. Nagashima, T.Kimura, H. Murakami, S. Saito, N. Sarukura, H. Nishimura, K. Mima, Y. Kagamitani, D. Ehrentraut,and T. Fukuda, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B Vol. 25, 2008, pp. B11-B121.[5] T. Shimizu, K. Yamamoi, E. Estacio, T. Nakazato, K. Sakai, N. Sarukura, D. Ehrentraut, T. Fukuda,M. Nagasono, T. Togashi, A. Higashiya, M. Yabashi, T. Ishikawa, H. Ohashi, and H. Kimura, Rev.Sci. Instrum, Vol. 81, 2010, pp. 033102-1-033102-4.[6] Coherent, “Synchronization accessory for Mira and Micra Ti:sap<strong>ph</strong>ire oscillators,”http://www.coherent.com/downloads/Synchrolock-AP_DS_3.pdf.[7] H. Mimura, S. Morita, T. Kimura, D. Yamakawa, W. Lin, Y. Uehara, S. Matsuyama, H. Yumoto, H.Ohashi, K. Tamasaku, Y. Nishino, M. Yabashi, T. Ishikawa, H. Ohmori and K. Yamauchi, Rev. Sci.Instrum. Vol. 79, 2008, pp. 083104-1-083104-4.[8] J. Shah, T. C. Damen, B. Deveaud, and D. Block, Appl. Phys. Lett. Vol. 50, 1987, pp. 1307-1309.[9] T. C. Damen and J. Shah, Appl. Phys. Lett. Vol. 52, 1988, pp. 1291-1293.[10] J. Wilkinson, K. B. Ucer, and R. T. Williams, Rad. Measurements Vol. 38, 2004, pp. 501-505.[11] P. A. Rodnyi, Rad. Measurements Vol. 38, 2004, pp. 343-352.[12] E.A. Radzhabov, A. Shalaevanda. and I. Nepomnyashikh, Rad. Measurements Vol. 29, 1998, pp.307-309.[13] N.Yu. Kirikova a, V.E. Klimenko, V.A. Kozlov, V.N. Makhov, N.M. Khaidukov, T.V. Uvarova,Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A Vol. 359, 1995, pp. 351-353.[14] R. Visser, P. Dorenbos, C. W. E. van Eijk, A. Meijerin, and H. W. den Hartog, J. Phys. Condens.Matter Vol. 5, 1993, pp. 8437-8460.59
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