Nhng tin b trong Quang hc, Quang ph vÃ ng dng VI ISSN 1859 - 4271

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Advances in Optics, Photonics, Spectroscopy & Applications VI ISSN 1859 - 4271PROGRESS IN CARBON NANOTUBE MODE-LOCKED BULKSOLID-STATE LASERSFabian RotermundDivision of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, 443-749 Suwon, KoreaEmail: rotermun@ajou.ac.krAbstract. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been recently successfully used asultrafast saturable absorber material applicable for laser mode-locking. While the widespreadsemiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) provide a spectrally narrowband applicability,require complex manufacturing processes, and mandate controlled defect implantation to warrantsuitable responses for pulsed laser operation in the femtosecond time scale, SWCNT-based saturableabsorbers (SWCNT-SAs) exhibi<s<strong>trong</strong>>tin</s<strong>trong</strong>>g broad absorption with large third-order nonlinearities requirerelatively simple manufacturing processes. Additionally, the absorption band of SWCNT-SAs can becontrolled by varying diameters and chiralities of SWCNTs and hence they are readily applicablewithin a broad spectral range between about 1.0 and 2.0 μm. First passive mode-locking utilizingSWCNTs was demonstrated in fiber lasers. To date, however, the most efforts of passive modelockingwith SWCNT-SAs were restricted to fiber lasers, because the single-pass gain of fiber lasers ismuch higher and therefore they can easily tolerate large non-saturable losses. For application ofSWCNT-SAs in bulk solid-state lasers, it is mandatory to decrease the losses to the lowest levelpossible. Recently, we demonstrated SWCNT-SA mode-locking of Yb-doped bulk lasers in the 1 µmrange, of Cr:forsterite and Cr:YAG lasers near 1.25 and 1.5 μm, respectively, which delivered ~ 100 fspulses [1-3]. We also achieved SWCNT-SA mode-locking in a Tm-doped KLuW laser near 2 μm [4].Furthermore, carefully controlling SWCNT bundling and curl in an optimized SA manufacturingprocess enabled the fabrication of one single mode-locking device providing extremely broad ultrafastsaturable absorption applicable for different bulk lasers [5]. In this talk, recent progress in SWCNT-SA mode-locked bulk solid-state lasers and characteristics of SWCNT-SAs essential for mode-lockingwill be presented.REFERENCES[1] J. H. Yim, W. B. Cho, S. Lee, Y. H. Ahn, K. Kim, H. Lim, G. Steinmeyer, V. Petrov, U.Griebner, and F. Rotermund, Appl. Phys. Lett. Vol. 93, 2008, pp. 161106(1-3).[2] W. B. Cho, J. H. Yim, S. Y. Choi, S. Lee, U. Griebner, V. Petrov, and F. Rotermund, Opt. Lett.Vol. 33, 2008, pp. 2449-2451.[3] W. B. Cho, A. Schmidt, S. Y. Choi, V. Petrov, U. Griebner, G. Steinmeyer, S. Lee, D.-I. Yeom,and F. Rotermund, Opt. Lett. Vol. 35, 2010, pp. 2669-2671.[4] W. B. Cho, A. Schmidt, J. H. Yim, S. Y. Choi, S. Lee, F. Rotermund, U. Griebner, G. Steinmeyer,V. Petrov, X. Mateos, M. C. Pujol, J. J. Carvajal, M. Aguilo, and F. Diaz, Opt. Express Vol. 17, 2009,pp. 11007-11012.[5] W. B, Cho, J. H. Yim, S. Y. Choi, S. Lee, A. Schmidt, G. Steinmeyer, U. Griebner, V. Petrov, D.-I. Yeom, K. Kim, and F. Rotermund, Adv. Funct. Mater. Vol. 20, 2010, pp. 1937-1943.60
Những tiến bộ <strong>trong</strong> <strong>Quang</strong> học, <strong>Quang</strong> <strong>ph</strong>ổ và Ứng dụng VI ISSN 1859 - 4271TRANSLATIONAL MOTION OF AN ATOM IN A WEAKLY DRIVENFIBER-BRAGG-GRATING CAVITYFam Le Kien*, K. HakutaCenter for Photonic Innovations and Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan.* Institute of Materials Science, Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology,18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, VietnamAbstract. We study the translational motion of an atom in the vicinity of a weakly driven nanofiberwith two fiber-Bragg-gra<s<strong>trong</strong>>tin</s<strong>trong</strong>>g mirrors. We find that the spatial dependences of the force, the frictioncoefficients, and the momentum diffusion are very complicated due to the evanescent-wave nature ofthe atom-field coupling as well as the effect of the van der Waals potential. We show that the timedevelopment of the mean number of <strong>ph</strong>otons in the cavity closely follows the translational motion ofthe atom through the nodes and an<s<strong>trong</strong>>tin</s<strong>trong</strong>>odes of the fiber-guided cavity standing-wave field even thoughthe cavity finesse is moderate, the cavity is long, and the probe field is weak.I. INTRODUCTIONS<strong>trong</strong> coupling between an atom and a cavity field occurs when the maximal atom-fielddipole coupling strength exceeds the cavity field decay rate and the atomic spontaneous emissionrate [1]. In this regime, excitations can be exchanged coherently between the atom and the fieldseveral times before the incoherent decay process occurs, the properties of the field can besignificantly modified by the presence of even a single atom, and the presence of a single <strong>ph</strong>otonin the field can saturate the response of the atom. The effects of single atoms on the cavity fieldin real time [2,3] have been observed [4,5,6]. It has been reported that the presence of an atom inthe cavity, which is tuned to the atomic transition and resonantly driven by a laser field, can leadto a dramatic drop in the transmitted intensity [4].Due to recent developments in taper fiber technology, thin fibers can be produced withdiameters down to 50 nm [7]. Subwavelength-diameter vacuum-clad silica-core fibers are callednanofibers. Several methods for trapping and guiding neutral atoms outside a nanofiber havebeen proposed and studied [8,9,10,11,12,13,14]. Efficient channeling of emission [15] from afew atoms into guided modes has been realized [16]. Thin fiber structures can be used asbuilding blocks in future atom and <strong>ph</strong>otonic micro- and nanodevices. Thin fibers can also beused as efficient nanoprobes for atoms, molecules, and quantum dots.Recently, it has been proposed to combine the cavity technique with the nanofiber techniqueto obtain a hybrid system: a nanofiber with two built-in fiber-Bragg-gra<s<strong>trong</strong>>tin</s<strong>trong</strong>>g (FBG) mirrors [17].In this system, the FBG mirrors form a fiber cavity transmit<s<strong>trong</strong>>tin</s<strong>trong</strong>>g and reflec<s<strong>trong</strong>>tin</s<strong>trong</strong>>g the guided field ofthe nanofiber. Such a hybrid system is interes<s<strong>trong</strong>>tin</s<strong>trong</strong>>g because the interaction between the field andthe atoms in the vicinity of the fiber is enhanced not only by the transverse confinement of thefield in the fiber cross-section plane but also by the longitudinal confinement of the fieldbetween the mirrors. An advantage of a FBG cavity based on a nanofiber is that the field in theguided modes can be confined to a small cross-section area whose size is comparable to the lightwavelength. Another advantage of the nanofiber-based cavity is that the cavity guided field canbe transmitted over long distances for communication purposes. The nanofiber-based cavity canfind applications in the merged areas of fiber optics, cavity quantum electrodynamics, and61
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Nhng tin b trong Quang hc, Quang ph vÃ ng dng VI ISSN 1859 - 4271

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