(a) A view <strong>of</strong> the navig<strong>at</strong>ion lock <strong>at</strong> the Beaucaire power plant on theRhone River in France.(b) A photograph <strong>of</strong> a Borland type fish lock filling and fishleaping out <strong>of</strong> w<strong>at</strong>er <strong>at</strong> Salto Grande hydroelectric plantin Argentina.(c) A view <strong>of</strong> the fish elev<strong>at</strong>oron the Connecticut River inHolyoke, Massachusetts.Example <strong>Fish</strong> Lift Photos<strong>Feasibility</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Fish</strong> <strong>Passage</strong> <strong>at</strong> <strong>Alameda</strong> <strong>Creek</strong> <strong>Diversion</strong> <strong>Dam</strong>Technical MemorandumJune 2009Figure 4-3
4.0 Design Components and Preliminary AnalysisNMFS (2008) describes criteria for holding pools and fish trapping systems. The NMFS handlingguidelines indic<strong>at</strong>e specific requirements for holding pool conditions, including a minimum holdingpool volume, minimum r<strong>at</strong>es <strong>at</strong> which w<strong>at</strong>er is supplied to the holding pool, and others. Thesecriteria are typically dependent upon site-specific conditions and would need to be incorpor<strong>at</strong>ed intothe design <strong>of</strong> a fish trapping facility. Additionally, methods must be employed to minimize stressupon fish associ<strong>at</strong>ed with human activity in the vicinity, such as providing w<strong>at</strong>er spray across theentire pool surface or use <strong>of</strong> a pool cover to prevent fish agit<strong>at</strong>ion from nearby human activities. Dueto the likelihood <strong>of</strong> fish jumping within the holding pools, s<strong>of</strong>t netting should be provided or the areaover the pool should be darkened to minimize potential for fish injury.The loc<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>of</strong> the adult collection facility would be based on physical site characteristics. Requisite sitecharacteristics include accessibility <strong>of</strong> the facility for upstream migr<strong>at</strong>ing adult steelhead and sufficient<strong>at</strong>traction flows to draw fish into the facility. Additionally, the site must have road access for the tankertruck used in the transport process. <strong>Fish</strong> are not likely to enter a ladder or <strong>of</strong>f-channel holding pool unlessthey are presented with a barrier th<strong>at</strong> blocks migr<strong>at</strong>ion up the main stream channel. To encourage fish toenter the facility, the entrance should be loc<strong>at</strong>ed <strong>at</strong> a migr<strong>at</strong>ion barrier, or one should be cre<strong>at</strong>ed, to preventthe fish from traveling farther in an upstream direction without entering the facility.ADULT FISH TRANSPORT (HAUL)A survey <strong>of</strong> fish transport<strong>at</strong>ion equipment and techniques used by h<strong>at</strong>cheries, priv<strong>at</strong>e producers, Indianreserv<strong>at</strong>ions, and research labor<strong>at</strong>ories conducted by Carmichael and Tomasso (1988) revealed th<strong>at</strong>among survey respondents, truck-mounted tanks were more common than trailer-mounted tanks and amajority <strong>of</strong> transport vehicles carried only one tank. More than half <strong>of</strong> the loading volumes werereported to be between 60 and 500 gallons <strong>of</strong> w<strong>at</strong>er (see photograph [a] on Figure 4-4), with between501 and 1,000 gallons <strong>of</strong> w<strong>at</strong>er (see photograph [b] on Figure 4-4) being the second most commonloading volume class reported. The survey also revealed th<strong>at</strong> fiberglass tanks were the most commontype <strong>of</strong> tank used among respondents and th<strong>at</strong> tanks typically contained some type <strong>of</strong> insul<strong>at</strong>ion. Icewas most commonly used to maintain w<strong>at</strong>er temper<strong>at</strong>ure r<strong>at</strong>her than refriger<strong>at</strong>ion units, and air ventingor infusion <strong>of</strong> bottled oxygen directly into the w<strong>at</strong>er is necessary to maintain oxygen levels sufficient forthe fish (Carmichael and Tomasso, 1988). Respondents to the survey reported using tank trucks fortransporting a number <strong>of</strong> salmonid species, including rainbow trout, brown trout, brook trout, cohosalmon, and Chinook salmon. Survival r<strong>at</strong>es for adult fish transport are reportedly typically more than99 percent if fish are in good condition <strong>at</strong> capture, holding conditions and dur<strong>at</strong>ion are appropri<strong>at</strong>e, andtransport equipment is in good condition and oper<strong>at</strong>ed appropri<strong>at</strong>ely.IMMIGRATING ADULT TRAP AND HAUL AT ACDDWith this design component, immigr<strong>at</strong>ing adult steelhead would be captured below ACDD, transportedaround the dam, and released <strong>at</strong> a loc<strong>at</strong>ion above ACDD. Because Little Yosemite, loc<strong>at</strong>ed betweenACDD and the <strong>Alameda</strong> <strong>Creek</strong> confluence with Calaveras <strong>Creek</strong>, has been identified as a potentialimpediment to immigr<strong>at</strong>ing steelhead <strong>at</strong> low to moder<strong>at</strong>e flows, it may be desirable to captureimmigr<strong>at</strong>ing adult steelhead below Little Yosemite, near the confluence with Calaveras <strong>Creek</strong> (seeConfluence <strong>Fish</strong> Facility on Figure 4-5). Depending upon release loc<strong>at</strong>ion(s), a fish collection facility <strong>at</strong>this loc<strong>at</strong>ion could potentially provide access to spawning habit<strong>at</strong> between Little Yosemite and ACDD,and upstream <strong>of</strong> ACDD. Pending the completion <strong>of</strong> more detailed hydraulic studies, the capture facilitywould likely consist <strong>of</strong> a small, two- or three-pool fish ladder leading to a holding pool. For the ladder<strong>at</strong> the Confluence <strong>Fish</strong> Facility, a pipe could be used to divert gravity flow from upstream on <strong>Alameda</strong><strong>Creek</strong> to the fish ladder. Requirements for the capture loc<strong>at</strong>ion include road access and adequ<strong>at</strong>e flowregimes in <strong>Alameda</strong> <strong>Creek</strong> to provide <strong>at</strong>traction flows. A capture facility would need to be loc<strong>at</strong>ed <strong>at</strong> apermanent or temporary artificially constructed barrier th<strong>at</strong> could block upstream migr<strong>at</strong>ion during thesteelhead immigr<strong>at</strong>ion period (Table 4-1), thereby encouraging immigr<strong>at</strong>ing fish to enter the facility.ACDD <strong>Passage</strong> June 2009 Page 4-11
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