ethanol fuel production and use in kenya for sustainable ... - lumes

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AbstractThis paper is based on the concept of sustainable development as defined by the Brundtlandreport that requires that present and future needs of especially those of the poor be metwithout jeopardising the environment. The objective of this study is to show in what waysethanol production and use is more sustainable than the dependence on petroleum fuel imports.It will do this by carrying out a comparative analysis of petroleum fuels and ethanol with theaim of understanding the economic, social and environmental impacts encountered with theuse of these fuels. The study used literature review, questionnaires and interview sessions, fordata collection. The results were presented using tables and Causal Loop Diagrams. Thefindings in the study were that imported petroleum fuels are the main commercial forms ofenergy and that petroleum imports are responsible for trade imbalance and inflation. Secondly,the combustion of petroleum fuels leads urban air pollution, human health problems and thebuild up of carbon dioxide gases in the atmosphere contributing to global warming.Ethanol fuels unlike petroleum are renewable and can be produced from locally availablebiomass. The production and use of ethanol in the country has the potential to generateincomes in the rural areas by boosting the agricultural sector thus bringing social economicdevelopment and environmental benefits. However its end use leads to the emission ofaldehydes and the risk underground water and soil contamination. The study suggests thatpotential crops that could be used for ethanol production are sugarcane and sugar beet and thatthe ethanol processing plants be annexed to already existing sugar factories.The overall conclusion is that depending on the government policies, implementation andmanagement, the production and use of ethanol in Kenya has the potential to bring abouteconomic growth, social development and environmental benefits.ii
AcknowledgementsI would like to thank all the people that and guided me during the writing of this paper andthose that encouraged and supported me in their own ways during my studies in Lund.First of all I am grateful to my supervisor Barry Ness and co-supervisor Nicodemus Mandereboth of LUCSUS for their time, dedication and constant help during the entire research period.My appreciations go to the staff of Syngenta Sweden especially to Flemming Yndgaard whowent out of his way to get time to proofread my drafts and for his advice; and to KennethFredlund for reading my drafts and sharing his information and ideas on ethanol.I am also grateful to the A Rocha-France team especially Peter and Miranda Harris, PriscillePelletier and François Tron for their continued encouragement and prayers.LUMES was a great experience and to this I am thankful to my classmates, to the teaching staff,to Åsa and to the non-teaching staff that contributed in one way or another to making LUMES agreat experience.Finally my heartfelt gratitude goes to my family and friends that selflessly contributed toraising the needed funds to cover my stay in Sweden and the field work for this research.iii
Page 1: LUND UNIVERSITYInternational Master
Page 5 and 6: Table of ContentsAbstract .........
Page 7 and 8: List of acronymsACE - Atmosphere Cl
Page 9 and 10: The oil crisis and low sugar prices
Page 11 and 12: patterns that may be used to predic
Page 13 and 14: REINFORCING LOOP (R1)An increase in
Page 15 and 16: World Oil Prices and Inflation Tren
Page 17 and 18: the strengthened greenhouse effect
Page 19 and 20: Available arable land(carrying capa
Page 21 and 22: need for higher agricultural growth
Page 23 and 24: atmosphere” leads to a decrease i
Page 25 and 26: evaporative emissions reacts with h
Page 27 and 28: particulate emissions from cane fie
Page 29 and 30: the yields on table 1 probably beca
Page 31 and 32: pastoralists and thus do not cultiv
Page 33 and 34: contributes to global warming. Petr
Page 35 and 36: Gariazzo et al. (2005) Monitoring a
Page 37 and 38: Tsai, et al. (2005) A Hematology Su
Page 39 and 40: Fossil fuels1. Does the country imp

ethanol fuel production and use in kenya for sustainable ... - lumes

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