ethanol fuel production and use in kenya for sustainable ... - lumes

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Appendix 1Questionnaire to policy makersPOLICY MAKERS / ENERGY SECTOR EMPLOYEESSECTION ONE:BACKGROUND OF ENERGY IN KENYA1. In the table 1 below please fill in the kinds of energy sources are used by the following groups of users: large scale industries,small scale industries, domestic/ households, and by agriculture.InstructionsIn the 6th column, (comment on cost) please give on a scale of 1 to 5 where 1 is cheap☺ and 5, is very expensive, your comment on thecost.On the seventh column (availability of the energy source) give on the scale of 1, to 5, where 1 is readily available☺ and 5 is very unreliable your comment on the availability.Table 1UserEnergysourceActivit(y)ies Quantity permonthCostper unitComment on costAvailability of energysource1.1. Do you experience any problems with these energy sources?• Yes• No 2.1. If yes fill in table 2 belowTable 2Energy source Problem How these problems are being addressed now How could they be otherwise solved oraddressed3. Would you say that the energy sources in the country are enough to meet the current energy needs of the country sufficiently?• Yes• No 3.1. If no, by what percentage should it be increased?…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………3.2. What measures are in place to increase the energy supply in the country?…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………4. What challenges face the energy sector in Kenya today?………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..Renewable energy5. What is the government’s policy on renewable energy sources?…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………6.1. Is this policy being implemented?• Yes• No 6.1.2. If yes, which forms of renewable energy are currently used in the country?Renewable energy Percentage in use in 2005 Percentage in use in 1990 Reason for increase or decreasein use31
Fossil fuels1. Does the country import fossil fuels?• Yes• No 1.2. If yes, from which countries?Country Fossil fuel Uses Quantity importedin 1990Quantityimported2005inCost per litre1990Cost per litre20051.3. What has been the trend in the cost of fossil fuels over the past 15 years?………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………1.4. What has been the trend in the use of fossil fuels over the past 15 years?………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………2. is there a plan in place that will be used in case of an oil crisis?• Yes• No 2.1. If yes, what?…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………3. Is there a carbon dioxide air pollution problem in the country?• Yes• No 3.1. If yes, what?…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………3.1.1 What efforts are made by the government to solve the problem?………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………4. Has the government been influenced in any way by the Kyoto protocol?• Yes• No 4.1. If yes in what way?…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………SECTION 2ETHANOL1. Are there any crops being used to produce ethanol in Kenya today?• Yes ⁯• No ⁯1.1. If yes, what crops?………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………2. What technologies are used to produce ethanol?………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………2.1. What are the estimates on the inputs and final ethanol produced by the different technologies?Technology Energy use(joules)Labour (high, average,low)Crop(kg)inputEthanol produced(litres)Cost of ethanolproduced /litre32
Page 1 and 2: LUND UNIVERSITYInternational Master
Page 3 and 4: AcknowledgementsI would like to tha
Page 5 and 6: Table of ContentsAbstract .........
Page 7 and 8: List of acronymsACE - Atmosphere Cl
Page 9 and 10: The oil crisis and low sugar prices
Page 11 and 12: patterns that may be used to predic
Page 13 and 14: REINFORCING LOOP (R1)An increase in
Page 15 and 16: World Oil Prices and Inflation Tren
Page 17 and 18: the strengthened greenhouse effect
Page 19 and 20: Available arable land(carrying capa
Page 21 and 22: need for higher agricultural growth
Page 23 and 24: atmosphere” leads to a decrease i
Page 25 and 26: evaporative emissions reacts with h
Page 27 and 28: particulate emissions from cane fie
Page 29 and 30: the yields on table 1 probably beca
Page 31 and 32: pastoralists and thus do not cultiv
Page 33 and 34: contributes to global warming. Petr
Page 35 and 36: Gariazzo et al. (2005) Monitoring a
Page 37: Tsai, et al. (2005) A Hematology Su

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