The European e-Business Report 2004 - Berlecon Research GmbH

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The European E-Business Report 2004Selected referencesApplebee, A., B. Ritchie, S. Demoor, and A. Cressy (2000) The ACT Tourism Industry Internet Study: attitudes,perceptions and adoption. Canberra (http://www.ce.canberra.edu.au/tourismprogram/CTR.html)Dixon, P. (2000) Fare Game, Airlines, Travel Agents Duke It Out over the Web. San Diego Union Tribune09/01/2000 (www.signonsandiego.com)e-Business W@tch E-business Sector Studies on the Tourism Industry (July 2002, April 2003, October 2003, May2004). Published in electronic format at www.ebusiness-watch.orgHartman, C., S. Hofman & E. Stafford (1999) Partnerships: a path to sustainability. Business Strategy and theEnvironment 8(5): pp. 255-266.Inkpen, A. & M. Crossan (1995) Believing is seeing: joint ventures and organisational development. Journal ofManagement Studies 32(5): pp. 295-619.Lü tz, S. (1999) Learning through intermediaries: the case of inter-firm research collaborations. In The formation ofInter-Organisation Networks, Ebers M (ed.). Oxford University Press: Oxford; pp. 220-237.Middleton, V. & J. Clarke (eds.) (2001) Marketing in Travel and Tourism. Butterworth-Heineman: OxfordVarious information from the following websites: www.andalucia.com, www.easy.com, www.expedia.com,www.goscandinavia.com, www.last-minute.com, www.run21.com and www.visitgermany.com151
The European E-Business Report 20042.8 ICT services2.8.1 Economic profileThe ICT services sector as defined by the e-Business W@tch comprises the telecommunicationsindustry (NACE Rev. 1 64.2) and computer related activities (NACE Rev. 1 72). The latter are alsoreferred to as "computer services", as all of them are concerned with service activities and with theproduction of immaterial goods (software). The manufacturing of computers and related equipment isnot included.Exhibit 2.8-1: Configuration of the ICT services sector in terms of NACE Rev. 1NACE Rev. 1Division Group64.2 Telecommunications72 Computer related activitiesActivity72.1 Hardware consultancy72.2 Software consultancy and supply72.3 Data processing72.4 Database activities72.5 Maintenance and repair of office, accounting and computing machineryTelecommunication services are much more than just telephone services. This sector embraces thedistribution of data, sound, images, and other information via cable, broadcasting, relay or satellite.Included in this definition are the management and maintenance of networks as well as the provisionof services using these networks. Excluded, however, is the provision of radio and televisionprogrammes (NACE 92.2). Within the EU-15, telecommunication services account for 54% of theproduction in the combined ICT services sector – just half of the value added and for about a third ofthe employees – but for only 3% of the enterprises.Computer services produce value added of a similar size as telecommunication services, but in atotally different way. The average enterprise is considerably smaller than in telecommunicationservices and production is significantly more labour-intensive. This explains why computer servicescompanies employ about two thirds of all employees in the ICT services sector and make up around97% of all enterprises in this sector. While software production used to be mainly a service activity,where software was produced according to individual specification for each buyer, the sector bearsmore resemblance with a product business today. The outcome of the production process – often socalledstandard software – is sold in similar ways as hardware and often via the same sales channels.Data processing activities are typically called IT outsourcing in the industry.Industry structure and employmentThe ICT services sector comprises roughly 360,000 enterprises and provides jobs for about 2.2 millionpeople in the former EU-15. While in telecommunications, about 90% of the employees work in largeenterprises (with more than 250 employees), in computer services 70% of the employees work inSMEs. The computer services sector employs more people in most member countries than thetelecommunications services sector.Market sizeIn 2001, telecommunications companies in the former EU-15 had a production value of 277 billionEuro and created a value added of 127 billion Euro. In computer services, the figures wererespectively 239 billion Euro for production and 129 billion Euro for value added. The four largestmarkets (DE, FR, IT, UK) account for almost 73% of the combined value added.152
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Section I: The e-Business Index(a p
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Section II: The European e-Business
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Section III: 20 indicators on ICT a
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