UMTS: Alive and Well - 4G Americas

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• Decapsulation/Encapsulation of packets for IPSec and PMIP tunnels (the latter only if networkbased mobility (S2b) is used)• Mobile Access Gateway (MAG) according to draft-ietf-netlmm-proxymip6 177mobility (S2b) is usedif network based• Tunnel authentication and authorization (termination of IKEv2 signaling and relay via AAAmessages)• Local mobility anchor within Untrusted non-3GPP access networks using MOBIKE (if needed)• Transport level packet marking in the uplink• Enforcement of QoS policies based on information received via AAA infrastructure• Lawful Interception• Allocation of GRE key, which is used to encapsulate downlink traffic to the ePDG on the PMIPbasedS2b interfaceA UE connected to one or multiple PDN GWs uses a single ePDG. In case of handover between ePDGs,the UE may be temporarily connected to two ePDGs.C.2.1.3SUPPORT OF POLICY CONTROL AND CHARGINGThe Policy Control and Charging (PCC) functionality is supported via the functionality of the PCRF whichis described in TS 23.203 with additional functionality listed in TS 23.401 and 23.402. Additionally, thePCRF terminates the Gxa, Gxb and Gxc reference points with the appropriate IP-CANs to support non-3GPP accesses PCC.C.2.1.3.1HOME PCRFIn addition to the h-PCRF functionality listed in TS 23.401, in this document the Home PCRF:• Terminates the Gx reference point for roaming with home routed traffic• Terminates the Gxa, Gxb or Gxc/S9 reference points as appropriate for the IP-CAN typeC.2.1.3.2VISITED PCRFIn addition to the v-PCRF functionality listed in TS 23.401, in this document the Visited PCRF:• Terminates the Gxa, Gxb or Gxc reference points as appropriate for the IP-CAN type• Terminates the S9 reference pointC.2.1.4INTERFACES & PROTOCOLSTo support the new LTE air interface as well as roaming and mobility between LTE and UTRAN/GERANthe EPS architecture contains the following interfaces:177 Proxy Mobile IPv6 Management Information Base, IETF NETLMM Working Group, September 2009http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-netlmm-pmipv6-mib-01www.3GAmericas.org February 2010 Page 148
• X2: The X2 interface connects neighboring eNodeBs to each other and is used for forwardingcontexts and user data packets at inter-eNodeB handover• S1-MME: Reference point for the control plane protocol between E-UTRAN and MME• S1-U: Serves as a reference point between E-UTRAN and Serving GW for the per bearer userplane tunneling and inter eNodeB path switching during handover• S3: Enables user and bearer information exchange for inter 3GPP access network mobility in idleand/or active state. It is based on Gn reference point as defined between SGSNs• S4: Provides related control and mobility support between GPRS Core and the 3GPP Anchorfunction of Serving GW and is based on Gn reference point as defined between SGSN andGGSN. In addition, if Direct Tunnel is not established, it provides the user plane tunneling.• S5: Provides user plane tunneling and tunnel management between Serving GW and PDN GW.It is used for Serving GW relocation due to UE mobility and if the Serving GW needs to connect toa non-collocated PDN GW for the required PDN connectivity• S6a: Enables transfer of subscription and authentication data for authenticating/authorizing useraccess to the evolved system (AAA interface) between MME and HSS• S6d: Enables transfer of subscription and authentication data for authenticating/authorizing useraccess to the evolved system (AAA interface) between S4-SGSN and HSS• Gx: Provides transfer of (QoS) policy and charging rules from PCRF to Policy and ChargingEnforcement Function (PCEF) in the PDN GW• S8: Inter-PLMN reference point providing user and control plane between the Serving GW in theVPLMN and the PDN GW in the HPLMN. It is based on Gp reference point as defined betweenSGSN and GGSN. S8 is the inter PLMN variant of S5.• S9: Provides transfer of (QoS) policy and charging control information between the Home PCRFand the Visited PCRF in order to support local breakout function• S10: Serves as a reference point between MMEs for MME relocation and MME to MMEinformation transfer• S11: Serves as a reference point between MME and Serving GW• S12: Serves as a reference point between UTRAN and Serving GW for user plane tunnelingwhen Direct Tunnel is established. It is based on the Iu-u/Gn-u reference point using the GTP-Uprotocol as defined between SGSN and UTRAN or respectively between SGSN and GGSN.Usage of S12 is an operator configuration option.• S13: Enables UE identity check procedure between MME and EIR• SGi: Reference point between the PDN GW and the packet data network. Packet data networkmay be an operator external public or private packet data network or an intra operator packetdata network (e.g. for provision of IMS services). This reference point corresponds to Gi for 3GPPaccesses.C.2.1.5INTERFACES & PROTOCOLS FOR NON-3GPP ACCESSESTo support non-3GPP accesses the EPS also included the following interfaces:www.3GAmericas.org February 2010 Page 149
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TABLE OF CONTENTSPREFACE………
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7.9 DETAILS OF THE 3GPP CANDIDATE T
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Rogers expects to cover 80 percent
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efficiently supported services wher
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1 INTRODUCTIONWireless data usage i
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2 PROGRESS OF RELEASE 99, RELEASE 5
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Mobilkom Austria completed the firs
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download speed on the downlink and
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Mbps without deploying MIMO. As pre
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Figure 3.1. 3GPP UMTS-HSPA Timeline
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paired and unpaired spectrum. In es
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complete ecosystem. Some manufactur
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4 THE GROWING DEMANDS FOR WIRELESS
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4.1 WIRELESS DATA TRENDS AND FORECA
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Philippines by Smart Communications
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IMS Research forecasted complementa
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The wireless enterprise is becoming
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spend about the same amount of time
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to one. The reality is that far mor
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LBS revenues are expected grow at 1
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4.6 SUMMARYFor some operators, LTE
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IPSGiMMES11GWS5S1-MMES1-UeNodeFigur
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6.1.2 MIMO + DC-HSDPARel-8 introduc
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4. All UEs are allowed. Along with
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Alert Service (CMAS) to allow wirel
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Federal Government entity (i.e. FEM
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ATIS WTSC G3GSN and TIA TR45.8 Subc
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ooInteracts with UE to exchange loc
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OTDOA METHODThe OTDOA method is a d
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With CSFB, UE under EPS can enjoy t
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• MSC for GERAN/UTRANooMaintainin
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6.2.5.3 MBMS SPECIFIC REFERENCE POI
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6.2.5.5 MBMS SERVICE PROVISIONINGAn
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6.2.7 ENHANCED DOWNLINK BEAMFORMING
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ate. After an initial measurement p
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Srv) is an optional function allowi
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VPLMNHPLMNCSGList SrvHSSC1 (OMA DM
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7 STATUS OF IMT-ADVANCED, LTE-ADVAN
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3GPP plays an important role in IMT
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euse factor, where the effective ba
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Table 7.2. Cell Edge User Spectral
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7.4.7 HANDOVERThe handover interrup
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• IMT-ADV/8. Acknowledgement of c
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In the WRC-07, the following spectr
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7.6.2 DEFINING THE LTE-ADVANCED CAP
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ITU-ROutside ITU-RStep 1Circular Le
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It is important to note that the sa
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7.8 POTENTIAL FEATURES/TECHNOLOGIES
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Page 100 and 101: the optimal scheme to reach MU-MIMO
Page 102 and 103: Intra-site CoMPBS3BS2Inter-site CoM
Page 104 and 105: freedom at a cell site. The latter
Page 106 and 107: UnUuUERNeNBFigure 7.10. A Diagramma
Page 108 and 109: • RN → eNB and UE → RN links
Page 110 and 111: • Mobility Load Balancing. Relate
Page 112 and 113: has defined a work item on Network
Page 114 and 115: oFor LTE Rel-10:• The FDD RIT Com
Page 116 and 117: 8 CONCLUSIONSWireless data usage an
Page 118 and 119: Alcatel-Lucent has long been active
Page 120 and 121: Siemens Networks and Sony Ericsson
Page 122 and 123: Converged Mobility Management (HLR,
Page 124 and 125: • July 2009: Huawei launched the
Page 126 and 127: applications for fixed, mobile and
Page 128 and 129: LTE networks in February 2009. Noki
Page 130 and 131: 5. Has made massive investments: U.
Page 132 and 133: Based on its Emerging Ultra-mobile
Page 134 and 135: 2. Location-Based Services. Locatio
Page 136 and 137: diversity of app use. In our resear
Page 138 and 139: • The first NFC devices will be s
Page 140 and 141: some of these new formats will surp
Page 142 and 143: the use of MIMO. Furthermore, it do
Page 144 and 145: UTRANSGSNGERANS3S5S1-MMEMMES11LTE-U
Page 146 and 147: • Mobility Management Entity (MME
Page 150 and 151: • S2a: The S2a interface provides
Page 152 and 153: Application / Service LayerUL Servi
Page 154 and 155: USIM / AuCUE / HSSUE / ASMEKCK, IKK
Page 156 and 157: C.2.1.6.4ROAMING AND NON-ROAMING SC
Page 158 and 159: C.2.2E-UTRAN AIR-INTERFACEThis sect
Page 160 and 161: C.2.2.1.2LTE DOWNLINK FRAME STRUCTU
Page 162 and 163: One downlink slot TslotNDLsymbOFDM
Page 164 and 165: freqtimeControl Region Data RegionO
Page 166 and 167: Table C.3. UE Search Space Summary.
Page 168 and 169: handover decisions. Two types of sy
Page 170 and 171: which the cells should be synchroni
Page 172 and 173: of offered bandwidth. UEs were rand
Page 174 and 175: far problem is present due to the o
Page 176 and 177: parameterization was chosen in such
Page 178 and 179: Table C.5. Random Access Burst Para
Page 180 and 181: Figure C.29. LTE UL Spectrum Effici
Page 182 and 183: eNBInter Cell RRMRB ControlConnecti
Page 184 and 185: technology forms dynamic beams that
Page 186 and 187: MIMO: SPACE-TIME CODINGSpace-time c
Page 188 and 189: sufficient. When several users are
Page 190 and 191: 0.060Downlink Cell Edge Spectral Ef
Page 192 and 193: C.2.2.5INTERFERENCE MITIGATION TECH
Page 194 and 195: Node-B755 263 741 526 374 136741 52
Page 196 and 197: Table C.6. Features Only Available
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Table C.8. DwPTS/GP/UpPTS Length (O
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In 3GPP Rel-8, as a result of the s
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USIM in LTE networks is not just a
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APPENDIX D: GLOBAL 3G DEPLOYMENT ST
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French West Indies Outremer Telecom
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Philippines Globe Telecom In Servic
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Ukraine Kyivstar Planned/In Deploym
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UK O2 (UK) In Service In ServiceUK
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APPENDIX E: GLOBAL LAUNCHES OF HSPA
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Colombia Colombia Movil Tigo Colomb
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USA CenturyTel (700) 2010USA Cox Co
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Full-buffer spectrum efficiencyEval
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Detailed Self-Evaluation ResultsDow
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Cell-average and Cell-edge spectrum
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Cell-average and Cell-edge spectrum
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VoIP results (FDD)• LTE Rel. 8 fu
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APPENDIX H: ACRONYM LIST1xShort for
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DIPDominant Interferer ProportionDL
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IDFTIECIEEEIETF RFCIFFTIFOMI-HSPAIM
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NI-LRNetwork Induced Location Reque
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SGSGiSGSNS-GWSICS-ICICSIMSIMOSINRSI
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe mission of 3G Am
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