UMTS: Alive and Well - 4G Americas

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sufficient. When several users are multiplexed on the same frequencies, the near-far problem well knownfrom CDMA-based systems arises.LTE has all of these modes of multiple antenna systems. 212 SU-MIMO as well as MU-MIMO techniquesare available in UL and DL. Diversity techniques and BF algorithms are also included. In Rel-8 singlestream BF is accommodated – additional streams with BF will be supported in future releases. The statusof MIMO in 3GPP LTE standardization will be discussed further in the next section.MIMO STATUS IN 3GPP LTE STANDARDIZATIONThis section discusses the 3GPP standards status of MIMO options for LTE. For a more detaileddescription see 3G Americas’ June 2009 white paper, MIMO Transmission Schemes for LTE and HSPANetworks.DOWNLINKIn the downlink, MU-MIMO and SU-MIMO schemes are supported. Up to two encoded transport blocks(codewords) can be mapped to up to four different layers. The layers are then mapped to antenna portsvia a precoding matrix. LTE supports either two or four antenna ports. All different MIMO techniques(open loop, closed loop) are accommodated in this framework via appropriate choices of the associatedprecoding matrices. Unitary designs of the precoding codebook have been selected for the feedback forclosed-loop SM. The number of bits provided for identifying a specific codebook matrix has been limitedto 4, thereby limiting the number of codebook elements to 16. To limit the amount of feedback, bothperiodic and aperiodic feedback transmission modes are defined as well as the capability to send a singleor multiple PMIs.MIMO transmissions are supported by appropriate reference symbol designs. For both open loop andclosed loop SM per antenna reference symbols are transmitted to be used for channel estimation. Thetime-frequency positions of a reference symbol pertaining to a specific antenna are left unused on theother antennas. Dedicated reference symbols are used for channel estimation in non-codebook basedtransmissions.UPLINKIn the uplink, there have been discussions at 3GPP on the standardization of SU-MIMO vs. MU-MIMOconcepts. SU-MIMO concepts require not only two antennas but also two parallel RF Tx chains in the UE.This implies an increase in complexity compared to MU-MIMO, which doesn’t require any additionalmeasures at the UE. Therefore, it has been agreed to incorporate only MU-MIMO in the first LTE releaseand to incorporate SU-MIMO in the later LTE releases.In addition, a switched Tx diversity scheme is provided in the first release allowing the switching betweentwo Tx antennas while only needing one RF chain in transmitting direction. The reference symbols in ULare derived from CAZAC sequences.212 LTE MIMO Ad Hoc Summary, R1-071818. 3GPP TSG RAN WG1 Meeting #48bis. St. Julians, Malta. 26-30 March 2007.www.3GAmericas.org February 2010 Page 188
LTE PERFORMANCE WITH MULTI-ANTENNASThis section discusses the performance of various multi-antenna options studied in the 3GPP RAN1group.DOWNLINK PERFORMANCEAn aggregate performance summary of several MIMO configurations, as evaluated by various 3GPPmembers, has been compiled by the 3GPP. 213 A more detailed presentation of MIMO performance inLTE is available in another 3G Americas white paper titled, MIMO Transmission Schemes for LTE andHSPA Networks. 214 Figures C.39 and C.40 show the sector spectral efficiency, edge spectral efficiencyperformance of SU-MIMO for 2x2 and 4x4 DL antenna configurations from the 3GPP study.Downlink Average Sector Spectral Efficiency for OL MIMO2.52.0= No SM= With SMbps/Hz1.51.00.50.0Rel-8 LTE1x2 3 km/hr(Baseline)Rel-8 LTE1x2 250km/hr(Baseline)Rel-8 LTE2x2 3 km/hrRel-8 LTE2x2 250km/hrRel-8 LTE4x4 3 km/hrRel-8 LTE4x4 250km/hrFigure C.39. DL Average Sector SE with Diversity Antenna Configurations.Rank 1 transmission is without SM, while SM indicates rank adaptation. Figure C.40 shows only Rank 1results as transmission with Rank > 1 were not observable at the cell edge.213 LS on LTE Performance Verification Work, R1-072580. 3GPP TSG-RAN WG1 #49. Kobe, Japan. 7-11 May 2007.214 “MIMO Transmission Schemes for LTE and HSPA Networks, June 2009,http://www.3gamericas.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=page&sectionid=334www.3GAmericas.org February 2010 Page 189
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TABLE OF CONTENTSPREFACE………
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7.9 DETAILS OF THE 3GPP CANDIDATE T
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Rogers expects to cover 80 percent
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efficiently supported services wher
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1 INTRODUCTIONWireless data usage i
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2 PROGRESS OF RELEASE 99, RELEASE 5
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Mobilkom Austria completed the firs
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download speed on the downlink and
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Mbps without deploying MIMO. As pre
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Figure 3.1. 3GPP UMTS-HSPA Timeline
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paired and unpaired spectrum. In es
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complete ecosystem. Some manufactur
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4 THE GROWING DEMANDS FOR WIRELESS
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4.1 WIRELESS DATA TRENDS AND FORECA
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Philippines by Smart Communications
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IMS Research forecasted complementa
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The wireless enterprise is becoming
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spend about the same amount of time
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to one. The reality is that far mor
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LBS revenues are expected grow at 1
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4.6 SUMMARYFor some operators, LTE
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IPSGiMMES11GWS5S1-MMES1-UeNodeFigur
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6.1.2 MIMO + DC-HSDPARel-8 introduc
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4. All UEs are allowed. Along with
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Alert Service (CMAS) to allow wirel
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Federal Government entity (i.e. FEM
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ATIS WTSC G3GSN and TIA TR45.8 Subc
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ooInteracts with UE to exchange loc
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OTDOA METHODThe OTDOA method is a d
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With CSFB, UE under EPS can enjoy t
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• MSC for GERAN/UTRANooMaintainin
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6.2.5.3 MBMS SPECIFIC REFERENCE POI
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6.2.5.5 MBMS SERVICE PROVISIONINGAn
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6.2.7 ENHANCED DOWNLINK BEAMFORMING
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ate. After an initial measurement p
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Srv) is an optional function allowi
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VPLMNHPLMNCSGList SrvHSSC1 (OMA DM
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7 STATUS OF IMT-ADVANCED, LTE-ADVAN
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3GPP plays an important role in IMT
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euse factor, where the effective ba
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Table 7.2. Cell Edge User Spectral
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7.4.7 HANDOVERThe handover interrup
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• IMT-ADV/8. Acknowledgement of c
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In the WRC-07, the following spectr
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7.6.2 DEFINING THE LTE-ADVANCED CAP
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ITU-ROutside ITU-RStep 1Circular Le
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It is important to note that the sa
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7.8 POTENTIAL FEATURES/TECHNOLOGIES
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Component carrierFreq.Modulated dat
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the optimal scheme to reach MU-MIMO
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Intra-site CoMPBS3BS2Inter-site CoM
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freedom at a cell site. The latter
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UnUuUERNeNBFigure 7.10. A Diagramma
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• RN → eNB and UE → RN links
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• Mobility Load Balancing. Relate
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has defined a work item on Network
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oFor LTE Rel-10:• The FDD RIT Com
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8 CONCLUSIONSWireless data usage an
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Alcatel-Lucent has long been active
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Siemens Networks and Sony Ericsson
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Converged Mobility Management (HLR,
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• July 2009: Huawei launched the
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applications for fixed, mobile and
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LTE networks in February 2009. Noki
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5. Has made massive investments: U.
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Based on its Emerging Ultra-mobile
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2. Location-Based Services. Locatio
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diversity of app use. In our resear
Page 138 and 139: • The first NFC devices will be s
Page 140 and 141: some of these new formats will surp
Page 142 and 143: the use of MIMO. Furthermore, it do
Page 144 and 145: UTRANSGSNGERANS3S5S1-MMEMMES11LTE-U
Page 146 and 147: • Mobility Management Entity (MME
Page 148 and 149: • Decapsulation/Encapsulation of
Page 150 and 151: • S2a: The S2a interface provides
Page 152 and 153: Application / Service LayerUL Servi
Page 154 and 155: USIM / AuCUE / HSSUE / ASMEKCK, IKK
Page 156 and 157: C.2.1.6.4ROAMING AND NON-ROAMING SC
Page 158 and 159: C.2.2E-UTRAN AIR-INTERFACEThis sect
Page 160 and 161: C.2.2.1.2LTE DOWNLINK FRAME STRUCTU
Page 162 and 163: One downlink slot TslotNDLsymbOFDM
Page 164 and 165: freqtimeControl Region Data RegionO
Page 166 and 167: Table C.3. UE Search Space Summary.
Page 168 and 169: handover decisions. Two types of sy
Page 170 and 171: which the cells should be synchroni
Page 172 and 173: of offered bandwidth. UEs were rand
Page 174 and 175: far problem is present due to the o
Page 176 and 177: parameterization was chosen in such
Page 178 and 179: Table C.5. Random Access Burst Para
Page 180 and 181: Figure C.29. LTE UL Spectrum Effici
Page 182 and 183: eNBInter Cell RRMRB ControlConnecti
Page 184 and 185: technology forms dynamic beams that
Page 186 and 187: MIMO: SPACE-TIME CODINGSpace-time c
Page 190 and 191: 0.060Downlink Cell Edge Spectral Ef
Page 192 and 193: C.2.2.5INTERFERENCE MITIGATION TECH
Page 194 and 195: Node-B755 263 741 526 374 136741 52
Page 196 and 197: Table C.6. Features Only Available
Page 198 and 199: Table C.8. DwPTS/GP/UpPTS Length (O
Page 200 and 201: In 3GPP Rel-8, as a result of the s
Page 202 and 203: USIM in LTE networks is not just a
Page 204 and 205: APPENDIX D: GLOBAL 3G DEPLOYMENT ST
Page 206 and 207: French West Indies Outremer Telecom
Page 208 and 209: Philippines Globe Telecom In Servic
Page 210 and 211: Ukraine Kyivstar Planned/In Deploym
Page 212 and 213: UK O2 (UK) In Service In ServiceUK
Page 214 and 215: APPENDIX E: GLOBAL LAUNCHES OF HSPA
Page 216 and 217: Colombia Colombia Movil Tigo Colomb
Page 218 and 219: USA CenturyTel (700) 2010USA Cox Co
Page 220 and 221: Full-buffer spectrum efficiencyEval
Page 222 and 223: Detailed Self-Evaluation ResultsDow
Page 224 and 225: Cell-average and Cell-edge spectrum
Page 226 and 227: Cell-average and Cell-edge spectrum
Page 228 and 229: VoIP results (FDD)• LTE Rel. 8 fu
Page 230 and 231: APPENDIX H: ACRONYM LIST1xShort for
Page 232 and 233: DIPDominant Interferer ProportionDL
Page 234 and 235: IDFTIECIEEEIETF RFCIFFTIFOMI-HSPAIM
Page 236 and 237: NI-LRNetwork Induced Location Reque
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SGSGiSGSNS-GWSICS-ICICSIMSIMOSINRSI
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe mission of 3G Am
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UMTS: Alive and Well - 4G Americas

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