UMTS: Alive and Well - 4G Americas

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far problem is present due to the orthogonal uplink transmissions. Transmission parameters, coding andmodulation are similar to the downlink transmission.The chosen SC-FDMA solution is based on the use of cyclic prefix to allow high performance and lowcomplexity receiver implementation in the eNodeB. As such, the receiver requirements are more complexthan in the case of OFDMA for similar link performance but this is not considered to be a problem in thebase station. The terminal is only assigned with contiguous spectrum blocks in the frequency domain tomaintain the single-carrier properties and thereby ensure power-efficient transmission. This approach isoften referred to as blocked or localized SC-FDMA. The general SC-FDMA transmitter and receiverconcept with frequency domain signal generation and equalization is illustrated in Figure C.23.Bits ModulatorDFTSub-carrier…IFFTCyclicExtensionMMSEEqualiserFFTRemoveCyclicExtensionIFFT IDFTDemodulator BitsFigure C.23. SC-FDMA Transmitter and Receiver Chains with FrequencyDomain Equalization. 197C.2.2.2.1MAPPING BETWEEN TRANSPORT AND PHYSICAL CHANNELThe LTE uplink (UL) comprises of the following physical channels:• Physical random access channel (PRACH)• Physical uplink control channel (PUCCH)• Physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH)The mapping between transport and physical channels are shown in Figure C.24. Currently, two transportchannels are defined for LTE – Random Access Channel (RACH) and Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH).197 Lindholm, Jari and Timo Lunttila, Kari Pajukoski, Antti Toskala, Esa Tiirola. EUTRAN Uplink Performance. InternationalSymposium on Wireless Pervasive Computing 2007 (ISWPC 2007). San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA. 5-7 February 2007.www.3GAmericas.org February 2010 Page 174
RACHUL-SCHUplinkTransport channelsPRACHPUCCHPUSCHUplinkPhysical channelsFigure C.24. Mapping Between Uplink Transport Channels and Uplink Physical Channels. 198C.2.2.2.2FRAME STRUCTURE AND NUMEROLOGYAll bandwidth options have the same Transmission Time Interval (TTI), which has been agreed to be 1millisecond (ms). This was chosen to enable very short latency with L1 Hybrid ARQ combined with goodcell edge performance. The channel coding in E-UTRAN is based on turbo codes. Uplink transmission isorganized into radio frames with the duration of 10 ms. Two radio frame structures are supported. Type 1is applicable to both FDD and TDD and Type 2 only for TDD. Frame structure type 1 consists of 20 slotsof length 0.5 ms numbered from 0 to 19. A subframe is defined as two consecutive slots. For FDD, 10subframes are available for downlink transmission and 10 subframes are available for uplinktransmissions in each 10 ms interval. Uplink and downlink transmissions are separated in the frequencydomain. Frame structure of Type 1 is shown in Figure C.25.One slot, T slot= 15360×T s= 0.5 msOne radio frame, T f= 307200×T s=10 ms#0 #1 #2 #3 #18 #19One subframeFigure C.25. Frame Structure Type 1. 199Other key parameters have relationships with the multiple access method, such as the 15 kHz subcarrierspacing of OFDM. This selection is a compromise between support of high Doppler frequency, overheadfrom cyclic prefix, implementation imperfections, etc. To optimize for different delay spread environments,two cyclic prefix values, 4.7 µs and 16.7 µs, are supported.Doppler will also impact the parameterization, as the physical layer parameterization needs to maintainthe connection at 350 km/h. However, it has been recognized that scenarios above 250 km/h are specificcases, such as the high-speed train environment. The optimization target is clearly the lower mobileterminal speeds, below 15 km/h, and performance degradation is allowed for higher speeds. The198 E-UTRA and EUTRAN: Overall Description: Stage 2. 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.8.0 (2009-03).199 Physical Channels and Modulation. 3GPP TS 36.211 V8.6.0 (2009-03).www.3GAmericas.org February 2010 Page 175
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TABLE OF CONTENTSPREFACE………
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7.9 DETAILS OF THE 3GPP CANDIDATE T
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Rogers expects to cover 80 percent
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efficiently supported services wher
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1 INTRODUCTIONWireless data usage i
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2 PROGRESS OF RELEASE 99, RELEASE 5
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Mobilkom Austria completed the firs
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download speed on the downlink and
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Mbps without deploying MIMO. As pre
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Figure 3.1. 3GPP UMTS-HSPA Timeline
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paired and unpaired spectrum. In es
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complete ecosystem. Some manufactur
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4 THE GROWING DEMANDS FOR WIRELESS
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4.1 WIRELESS DATA TRENDS AND FORECA
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Philippines by Smart Communications
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IMS Research forecasted complementa
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The wireless enterprise is becoming
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spend about the same amount of time
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to one. The reality is that far mor
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LBS revenues are expected grow at 1
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4.6 SUMMARYFor some operators, LTE
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IPSGiMMES11GWS5S1-MMES1-UeNodeFigur
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6.1.2 MIMO + DC-HSDPARel-8 introduc
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4. All UEs are allowed. Along with
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Alert Service (CMAS) to allow wirel
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Federal Government entity (i.e. FEM
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ATIS WTSC G3GSN and TIA TR45.8 Subc
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ooInteracts with UE to exchange loc
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OTDOA METHODThe OTDOA method is a d
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With CSFB, UE under EPS can enjoy t
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• MSC for GERAN/UTRANooMaintainin
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6.2.5.3 MBMS SPECIFIC REFERENCE POI
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6.2.5.5 MBMS SERVICE PROVISIONINGAn
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6.2.7 ENHANCED DOWNLINK BEAMFORMING
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ate. After an initial measurement p
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Srv) is an optional function allowi
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VPLMNHPLMNCSGList SrvHSSC1 (OMA DM
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7 STATUS OF IMT-ADVANCED, LTE-ADVAN
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3GPP plays an important role in IMT
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euse factor, where the effective ba
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Table 7.2. Cell Edge User Spectral
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7.4.7 HANDOVERThe handover interrup
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• IMT-ADV/8. Acknowledgement of c
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In the WRC-07, the following spectr
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7.6.2 DEFINING THE LTE-ADVANCED CAP
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ITU-ROutside ITU-RStep 1Circular Le
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It is important to note that the sa
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7.8 POTENTIAL FEATURES/TECHNOLOGIES
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Component carrierFreq.Modulated dat
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the optimal scheme to reach MU-MIMO
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Intra-site CoMPBS3BS2Inter-site CoM
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freedom at a cell site. The latter
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UnUuUERNeNBFigure 7.10. A Diagramma
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• RN → eNB and UE → RN links
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• Mobility Load Balancing. Relate
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has defined a work item on Network
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oFor LTE Rel-10:• The FDD RIT Com
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8 CONCLUSIONSWireless data usage an
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Alcatel-Lucent has long been active
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Siemens Networks and Sony Ericsson
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Converged Mobility Management (HLR,
Page 124 and 125: • July 2009: Huawei launched the
Page 126 and 127: applications for fixed, mobile and
Page 128 and 129: LTE networks in February 2009. Noki
Page 130 and 131: 5. Has made massive investments: U.
Page 132 and 133: Based on its Emerging Ultra-mobile
Page 134 and 135: 2. Location-Based Services. Locatio
Page 136 and 137: diversity of app use. In our resear
Page 138 and 139: • The first NFC devices will be s
Page 140 and 141: some of these new formats will surp
Page 142 and 143: the use of MIMO. Furthermore, it do
Page 144 and 145: UTRANSGSNGERANS3S5S1-MMEMMES11LTE-U
Page 146 and 147: • Mobility Management Entity (MME
Page 148 and 149: • Decapsulation/Encapsulation of
Page 150 and 151: • S2a: The S2a interface provides
Page 152 and 153: Application / Service LayerUL Servi
Page 154 and 155: USIM / AuCUE / HSSUE / ASMEKCK, IKK
Page 156 and 157: C.2.1.6.4ROAMING AND NON-ROAMING SC
Page 158 and 159: C.2.2E-UTRAN AIR-INTERFACEThis sect
Page 160 and 161: C.2.2.1.2LTE DOWNLINK FRAME STRUCTU
Page 162 and 163: One downlink slot TslotNDLsymbOFDM
Page 164 and 165: freqtimeControl Region Data RegionO
Page 166 and 167: Table C.3. UE Search Space Summary.
Page 168 and 169: handover decisions. Two types of sy
Page 170 and 171: which the cells should be synchroni
Page 172 and 173: of offered bandwidth. UEs were rand
Page 176 and 177: parameterization was chosen in such
Page 178 and 179: Table C.5. Random Access Burst Para
Page 180 and 181: Figure C.29. LTE UL Spectrum Effici
Page 182 and 183: eNBInter Cell RRMRB ControlConnecti
Page 184 and 185: technology forms dynamic beams that
Page 186 and 187: MIMO: SPACE-TIME CODINGSpace-time c
Page 188 and 189: sufficient. When several users are
Page 190 and 191: 0.060Downlink Cell Edge Spectral Ef
Page 192 and 193: C.2.2.5INTERFERENCE MITIGATION TECH
Page 194 and 195: Node-B755 263 741 526 374 136741 52
Page 196 and 197: Table C.6. Features Only Available
Page 198 and 199: Table C.8. DwPTS/GP/UpPTS Length (O
Page 200 and 201: In 3GPP Rel-8, as a result of the s
Page 202 and 203: USIM in LTE networks is not just a
Page 204 and 205: APPENDIX D: GLOBAL 3G DEPLOYMENT ST
Page 206 and 207: French West Indies Outremer Telecom
Page 208 and 209: Philippines Globe Telecom In Servic
Page 210 and 211: Ukraine Kyivstar Planned/In Deploym
Page 212 and 213: UK O2 (UK) In Service In ServiceUK
Page 214 and 215: APPENDIX E: GLOBAL LAUNCHES OF HSPA
Page 216 and 217: Colombia Colombia Movil Tigo Colomb
Page 218 and 219: USA CenturyTel (700) 2010USA Cox Co
Page 220 and 221: Full-buffer spectrum efficiencyEval
Page 222 and 223: Detailed Self-Evaluation ResultsDow
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Cell-average and Cell-edge spectrum
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Cell-average and Cell-edge spectrum
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VoIP results (FDD)• LTE Rel. 8 fu
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APPENDIX H: ACRONYM LIST1xShort for
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DIPDominant Interferer ProportionDL
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IDFTIECIEEEIETF RFCIFFTIFOMI-HSPAIM
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NI-LRNetwork Induced Location Reque
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SGSGiSGSNS-GWSICS-ICICSIMSIMOSINRSI
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe mission of 3G Am
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