AISC LRFD 1.pdf

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Load and ResistanceFactor Design Specificationfor Structural Steel BuildingsDecember 27, 1999with errata incorporated as of September 4, 2001Supersedes the Load and Resistance Factor Design Specificationfor Structural Steel Buildings datedDecember 1, 1993 and all previous versions.Prepared by theAmerican Institute of Steel Construction, Inc.Under the Direction of theAISC Committee on Specifications and approved bythe AISC Board of Directors.AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION, INC.One East Wacker Drive, Suite 3100Chicago, Illinois 60601-2001
iiCopyright © 2000byAmerican Institute of Steel Construction, Inc.All rights reserved. This book or any part thereof must not be reproduced in anyform without the written permission of the publisher.The information presented in this publication has been prepared in accordance withrecognized engineering principles and is for general information only. While it isbelieved to be accurate, this information should not be used or relied upon for anyspecific application without competent professional examination and verification ofits accuracy, suitability, and applicability by a licensed engineer, architect or otherprofessional. The publication of the material contained herein is not intended as arepresentation or warranty on the part of the American Institute of Steel Construction,Inc. or of any other person named herein, that this information is suitable forany general or particular use or of freedom from infringement of any patent or patents.Anyone making use of this information assumes all liability arising from suchuse.Caution must be exercised when relying upon other specifications and codes developedby other bodies and incorporated by reference herein since such material maybe modified or amended from time to time subsequent to the printing of this edition.The American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc. bears no responsibility for suchmaterial other than to refer to it and incorporate it by reference at the time of theinitial publication of this edition.Printed in the United States of AmericaLRFD Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, December 27, 1999AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
Page 1: LOAD AND RESISTANCEFACTOR DESIGNSPE
Page 6 and 7: vTABLE OF CONTENTSSYMBOLS . . . . .
Page 8 and 9: TABLE OF CONTENTSviiSPECIFICATION (
Page 10 and 11: TABLE OF CONTENTSixSPECIFICATION (C
Page 12 and 13: TABLE OF CONTENTSxiCOMMENTARY (Cont
Page 18 and 19: SYMBOLSxviistrength (for those stee
Page 20 and 21: SYMBOLSxixS eff Effective section m
Page 22 and 23: SYMBOLSxxit s Web stiffener thickne
Page 24 and 25: xxiiiGLOSSARYAlignment chart for co
Page 26 and 27: GLOSSARYxxvEffective moment of iner
Page 28 and 29: GLOSSARYxxviiLateral bracing member
Page 30 and 31: GLOSSARYxxixPost-buckling strength.
Page 32 and 33: GLOSSARYxxxiStrain-hardening strain
Page 34 and 35: 1CHAPTER AGENERAL PROVISIONSA1. SCO
Page 36 and 37: Sect. A3.] MATERIAL 3Cold-Formed We
Page 38 and 39: Sect. A3.] MATERIAL 5ASTM A449 bolt
Page 40 and 41: Sect. A6.] REFERENCED CODES AND STA
Page 42 and 43: Sect. A7.] DESIGN DOCUMENTS 9tion A
Page 44 and 45: Sect. B4.] STABILITY 11(a) When the
Page 46 and 47: Sect. B10.] PROPORTIONS OF BEAMS AN
Page 48 and 49: Sect. B10.] PROPORTIONS OF BEAMS AN
Page 50 and 51: 17Chap. CCHAPTER CFRAMES AND OTHER
Page 52 and 53:
Sect. C3.] STABILITY BRACING 19all
Page 54 and 55:
Sect. C3.] STABILITY BRACING 214. B
Page 56 and 57:
Sect. C3.] STABILITY BRACING 231.0;
Page 58 and 59:
Sect. D3.] PIN-CONNECTED MEMBERS AN
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27Chap. ECHAPTER ECOLUMNS AND OTHER
Page 62 and 63:
Sect. E4.] BUILT-UP MEMBERS 29(a) F
Page 64 and 65:
31Chap. FCHAPTER FBEAMS AND OTHER F
Page 66 and 67:
Sect. F1.] DESIGN FOR FLEXURE 33Lp=
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Sect. F2.] DESIGN FOR SHEAR 35Lpd
Page 70 and 71:
37Chap. GCHAPTER GPLATE GIRDERSI-sh
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Sect. H3.] ALTERNATIVE INTERACTION
Page 74 and 75:
Sect. I2.] COMPRESSION MEMBERS 41ti
Page 76 and 77:
Sect. I3.] FLEXURAL MEMBERS 434. Lo
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Sect. I3.] FLEXURAL MEMBERS 45welde
Page 80 and 81:
Sect. I5.] SHEAR CONNECTORS 47A c =
Page 82 and 83:
49Chap. JCHAPTER JCONNECTIONS, JOIN
Page 84 and 85:
Sect. J1.] GENERAL PROVISIONS 518.
Page 86 and 87:
Sect. J2.] WELDS 53Welding ProcessT
Page 88 and 89:
Sect. J2.] WELDS 55For end-loaded f
Page 90 and 91:
Sect. J2.] WELDS 57Types of Weld an
Page 92 and 93:
Sect. J3.] BOLTS AND THREADED PARTS
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Sect. J4.] DESIGN RUPTURE STRENGTH
Page 102 and 103:
Sect. J8.] BEARING STRENGTH 69J6. F
Page 104 and 105:
71Chap. KCHAPTER KCONCENTRATED FORC
Page 106 and 107:
Sect. K1.] FLANGES AND WEBS WITH CO
Page 108 and 109:
For P u 0.4P yR v = 0.60F y d c t
Page 110 and 111:
Sect. K3.] DESIGN FOR CYCLIC LOADIN
Page 112 and 113:
79Chap. LCHAPTER LSERVICEABILITY DE
Page 114 and 115:
81Chap. MCHAPTER MFABRICATION, EREC
Page 116 and 117:
Sect. M4.] ERECTION 83(2) Bottom su
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Sect. M5.] QUALITY CONTROL 85The fa
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Sect. N3.] EVALUATION BY STRUCTURAL
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89App. BAPPENDIX BDESIGN REQUIREMEN
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App. B5.] LOCAL BUCKLING 914kc=h/tw
Page 126 and 127:
App. B5.] LOCAL BUCKLING 93é0.877
Page 128 and 129:
App. E3.] DESIGN COMPRESSIVE STRENG
Page 130 and 131:
App. F1.] DESIGN FOR FLEXURE 97For
Page 132 and 133:
App. F1.] DESIGN FOR FLEXURE 99TABL
Page 134 and 135:
App. F1.] DESIGN FOR FLEXURE 101Cri
Page 136 and 137:
App. F3.] WEB-TAPERED MEMBERS 103j
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App. F3.] WEB-TAPERED MEMBERS 105Fw
Page 140 and 141:
107App. GAPPENDIX GPLATE GIRDERSThi
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App. G3.] DESIGN SHEAR STRENGTH 109
Page 144 and 145:
App. G5.] FLEXURE-SHEAR INTERACTION
Page 146 and 147:
App. H3.] ALTERNATIVE INTERACTION E
Page 148 and 149:
115App. JAPPENDIX JCONNECTIONS, JOI
Page 150 and 151:
App. J3.] BOLTS AND THREADED PARTS
Page 152 and 153:
App. K2.] PONDING 119æçMetric:lC
Page 154 and 155:
App. K3.] DESIGN FOR CYCLIC LOADING
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
NUMERICAL VALUES 141TABLE 2ItemShap
Page 176 and 177:
NUMERICAL VALUES 143Klr123456789101
Page 178 and 179:
NUMERICAL VALUES 145TABLE 3-50Desig
Page 180 and 181:
NUMERICAL VALUES 147TABLE 4Values o
Page 182 and 183:
NUMERICAL VALUES 149TABLE 5 (cont
Page 184 and 185:
NUMERICAL VALUES 151TABLE 7Values o
Page 186 and 187:
NUMERICAL VALUES 153f vVAwnTABLE 8-
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
NUMERICAL VALUES 157hf vVAwnTABLE 9
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
NUMERICAL VALUES 161ht wf vVAwnTABL
Page 196 and 197:
163COMMENTARYon the Load and Resist
Page 198 and 199:
Comm. A2.] TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION 16
Page 200 and 201:
Comm. A3.] MATERIAL 167and Chen, 19
Page 202 and 203:
Comm. A3.] MATERIAL 169than the ant
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Comm. A4.] LOADS AND LOAD COMBINATI
Page 206 and 207:
Comm. A5.] DESIGN BASIS 173where =
Page 208 and 209:
Comm. A5.] DESIGN BASIS 175( )bsln(
Page 210 and 211:
177Comm. BCHAPTER BDESIGN REQUIREME
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Comm. B5.] LOCAL BUCKLING 179(c) Al
Page 214 and 215:
Comm. B5.] LOCAL BUCKLING 181load.
Page 216 and 217:
Comm. B7.] LIMITING SLENDERNESS RAT
Page 218 and 219:
Comm. C1.] SECOND ORDER EFFECTS 185
Page 220 and 221:
Comm. C1.] SECOND ORDER EFFECTS 187
Page 222 and 223:
Comm. C2.] FRAME STABILITY 189Buckl
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Comm. C2.] FRAME STABILITY 191Notes
Page 226 and 227:
Comm. C2.] FRAME STABILITY 193Where
Page 228 and 229:
Comm. C3.] STABILITY BRACING 195age
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Comm. C3.] STABILITY BRACING 197pla
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Comm. C3.] STABILITY BRACING 199The
Page 234 and 235:
Comm. C3.] STABILITY BRACING 201Par
Page 236 and 237:
203Comm. ECHAPTER ECOLUMNS AND OTHE
Page 238 and 239:
Comm. E4.] BUILT-UP MEMBERS 205TABL
Page 240 and 241:
Comm. F1.] DESIGN FOR FLEXURE 207ha
Page 242 and 243:
Comm. F1.] DESIGN FOR FLEXURE 2092b
Page 244 and 245:
Comm. F4.] BEAMS AND GIRDERS WITH W
Page 246 and 247:
Comm. H2.] UNSYMMETRIC MEMBERS AND
Page 248 and 249:
Comm. I2.] COMPRESSION MEMBERS 215d
Page 250 and 251:
Comm. I3.] FLEXURAL MEMBERS 217may
Page 252 and 253:
Comm. I3.] FLEXURAL MEMBERS 219The
Page 254 and 255:
Comm. I3.] FLEXURAL MEMBERS 221wher
Page 256 and 257:
Comm. I3.] FLEXURAL MEMBERS 223proc
Page 258 and 259:
Comm. I4.] COMBINED COMPRESSION AND
Page 260 and 261:
Comm. I5.] SHEAR CONNECTORS 227tal
Page 262 and 263:
229Comm. JCHAPTER JCONNECTIONS, JOI
Page 264 and 265:
Comm. J1.] GENERAL PROVISIONS 231 P
Page 266 and 267:
Comm. J2.] WELDS 2332b. Limitations
Page 268 and 269:
Comm. J2.] WELDS 235When longitudin
Page 270 and 271:
Comm. J2.] WELDS 237due to cyclic f
Page 272 and 273:
Comm. J2.] WELDS 239(b) Plane 2-2,
Page 274 and 275:
Comm. J3.] BOLTS AND THREADED PARTS
Page 276 and 277:
Page 278 and 279:
Page 280 and 281:
Comm. J4.] DESIGN RUPTURE STRENGTH
Page 282 and 283:
249Comm. KCHAPTER KCONCENTRATED FOR
Page 284 and 285:
Comm. K1.] FLANGES AND WEBS WITH CO
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Comm. K1.] FLANGES AND WEBS WITH CO
Page 288 and 289:
Comm. K2.] PONDING 255Even on the b
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257Comm. LCHAPTER LSERVICEABILITY D
Page 292 and 293:
Comm. L5.] CORROSION 259orthotropic
Page 294 and 295:
Comm. M4.] ERECTION 261It is sugges
Page 296 and 297:
Comm. N4.] EVALUATION BY LOAD TESTS
Page 298 and 299:
Comm. N5.] EVALUATION REPORT 265N5.
Page 300 and 301:
267Comm. A-EAPPENDIX ECOLUMNS AND O
Page 302 and 303:
Comm. App. F3.] WEB-TAPERED MEMBERS
Page 304 and 305:
271Comm. A-GAPPENDIX GPLATE GIRDERS
Page 306 and 307:
273Comm. A-KAPPENDIX JCONNECTIONS,
Page 308 and 309:
Comm. J2.] WELDS 275found to be con
Page 310 and 311:
Comm. K3.] DESIGN FOR CYCLIC LOADIN
Page 312 and 313:
279ReferencesAckroyd, M. H., and Ge
Page 314 and 315:
REFERENCES 281Bjorhovde, R. (1972),
Page 316 and 317:
REFERENCES 283Fielding, D. J., and
Page 318 and 319:
REFERENCES 285Johnson, D. L. (1985)
Page 320 and 321:
REFERENCES 287Ollgaard, J. G., Slut
Page 322 and 323:
REFERENCES 289Zhou, S. P., and Chen
Page 324 and 325:
SUPPLEMENTARY BIBLIOGRAPHY 291Kotec
Page 326 and 327:
Metric Conversion Factors for Commo
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