Beginning and Intermediate Algebra - Wallace Math Courses ...

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0.2 Pre-Algebra - Fractions Objective: Reduce, add, subtract, multiply, and divide with fractions. Working with fractions is a very important foundation to algebra. Here we will briefly review reducing, multiplying, dividing, adding, and subtracting fractions. As this is a review, concepts will not be explained in detail as other lessons are. World View Note: The earliest known use of fraction comes from the Middle Kingdom of Egypt around 2000 BC! We always like our final answers when working with fractions to be reduced. Reducing fractions is simply done by dividing both the numerator and denominator by the same number. This is shown in the following example Example 15. 36 84 36 ÷ 4 9 = 84 ÷ 4 21 Both numerator and denominator are divisible by 4 Both numerator and denominator are still divisible by 3 12
9 ÷ 3 3 = 21 ÷ 3 7 Our Soultion The previous example could have been done in one step by dividing both numerator and denominator by 12. We also could have divided by 2 twice and then divided by 3 once (in any order). It is not important which method we use as long as we continue reducing our fraction until it cannot be reduced any further. The easiest operation with fractions is multiplication. We can multiply fractions by multiplying straight across, multiplying numerators together and denominators together. Example 16. 6 3 · 7 5 18 35 Multiply numerators across and denominators across Our Solution When multiplying we can reduce our fractions before we multiply. We can either reduce vertically with a single fraction, or diagonally with several fractions, as long as we use one number from the numerator and one number from the denominator. Example 17. 25 32 · 24 55 5 4 · 3 11 20 33 Reduce 25 and 55 by dividing by 5. Reduce 32 and 24 by dividing by 8 Multiply numerators across and denominators across Our Solution Dividing fractions is very similar to multiplying with one extra step. Dividing fractions requires us to first take the reciprocal of the second fraction and multiply. Once we do this, the multiplication problem solves just as the previous problem. 13
Page 1 and 2: Beginning and Intermediate Algebra
Page 3 and 4: Special thanks to: My beautiful wif
Page 5 and 6: Chapter 6: Factoring 6.1 Greatest C
Page 7 and 8: 0.1 Pre-Algebra - Integers Objectiv
Page 9 and 10: Multiplication and division of inte
Page 11: 45) (4)( − 6) Find each quotient.
Page 15 and 16: Example 21. 13 6 − 9 6 4 6 2 3 Sa
Page 17 and 18: Find each quotient. 37) − 2 ÷ 7
Page 19 and 20: the expression that is to be evalua
Page 21 and 22: Solve. 1) − 6 · 4( − 1) 3) 3+(
Page 23 and 24: It will be more common in our study
Page 25 and 26: 0.4 Practice - Properties of Algebr
Page 27 and 28: Chapter 1 : Solving Linear Equation
Page 29 and 30: Addition Problems To solve equation
Page 31 and 32: 8x = − 24 8 8 x = − 3 Division
Page 33 and 34: 1.2 Linear Equations - Two-Step Equ
Page 35 and 36: − 1 − 1 Divide both sides by
Page 37 and 38: 1.3 Solving Linear Equations - Gene
Page 39 and 40: Example 63. − 3x +9=6x − 27 Not
Page 41 and 42: 4[ − 2]+9=−15 +8(2) Finish mult
Page 43 and 44: 1.4 Solving Linear Equations - Frac
Page 45 and 46: Example 72. � � 3 5 4 x + = 3 2
Page 47 and 48: 1.5 Solving Linear Equations - Form
Page 49 and 50: Example 79. A = πr 2 +πrs for s S
Page 51 and 52: 1.5 Practice - Formulas Solve each
Page 53 and 54: |x| = 5 Absolute value can be posit
Page 55 and 56: Example 90. 7+|2x − 5| =4 Notice
Page 57 and 58: 1.7 Solving Linear Equations - Vari
Page 59 and 60: Once we have found the constant of
Page 61 and 62: 1.7 Practice - Variation Write the
Page 63 and 64:
sure. If the pressure of a certain
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Fifteen more than three times a num
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When we started with our first, sec
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1.8 Practice - Number and Geometry
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30. The perimeter of a college bask
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Our equation comes from the future
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4x + 2=102 Solve the two − step e
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years ago, the bronze plaque was on
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1.10 Solving Linear Equations - Dis
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Rate Time Distance Bob r + 2 3 Fred
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2 =t Our solution fort, she catches
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Find the distance he rode. 8. A man
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The first plan is flying 25 mph slo
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2.1 Graphing - Points and Lines Obj
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E B D F G C A Our Solution The main
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x y − 3 − 4 0 − 2 3 0 Our com
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2.2 Graphing - Slope Objective: Fin
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When mathematicians began working w
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Example 131. Find the value of x be
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9) 10) Find the slope of the line t
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y = − 2 x + 3 Our Solution 3 Iden
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2.3 Practice - Slope-Intercept Writ
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2.4 Graphing - Point-Slope Form Obj
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Find the equation of the line throu
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Write the point-slope form of the e
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m = 2 5 m = 2 5 Example 147. Slope
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2.5 Practice - Parallel and Perpend
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Chapter 3 : Inequalities 3.1 Solve
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than 4. If we have an expression su
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− 5 − 5 − 2x � 6 Divide bot
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Solve each inequality, graph each s
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As the graphs overlap, we take the
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3.2 Practice - Compound Inequalitie
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edition of a college algebra text!
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It is important to remember as we a
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Chapter 4 : Systems of Equations 4.
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ested in the point that is a soluti
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that parallel lines have the same s
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4.2 Systems of Equations - Substitu
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tion. This process is described and
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World View Note: French mathematici
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31) 2x + y = 2 3x + 7y = 14 33) x +
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6x +9y = 6 New second equation −
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Just as with graphing and substutio
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4.4 Systems of Equations - Three Va
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just the ordered pair (x, y). In th
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15x − 12y +9z = − 12 5x − 4y
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23) 3x + 3y − 2z = 13 6x + 2y −
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are given to use. This means someti
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− 0.5 − 0.5 c=17 We have c, num
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− 0.06x − 0.06y = − 240 Add e
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14) A bank contains 27 coins in dim
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4.6 Systems of Equations - Mixture
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Amount Part Total Start 40 3 120 Ad
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4(30 −n)+2.5n=105 Substitute into
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16) A certain grade of milk contain
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175
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5.1 Polynomials - Exponent Properti
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A quicker method to arrive at the s
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Example 210. Example 211. 7a 3 (2a
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5.2 Polynomials - Negative Exponent
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As we simplified our fraction we to
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5.2 Practice - Negative Exponents S
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Example 223. Convert 3.21 × 10 5 t
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5.3 Practice - Scientific Notation
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World View Note: Ada Lovelace in 18
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21) (3+b 4 )+(7+2b + b 4 ) 22) (1+6
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Just as we distribute a monomial th
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Example 243. (2x − 5)(4x 2 − 7x
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5.6 Polynomials - Multiply Special
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Be very careful when we are squarin
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5.7 Polynomials - Divide Polynomial
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3. Change the sign of the terms and
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Example 261. 2x 3 + 42 − 4x x + 3
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Chapter 6 : Factoring 6.1 Greatest
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ers using mental math, then we take
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6.1 Practice - Greatest Common Fact
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Example 273. 10ab + 15b + 4a+6 Spli
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example the binomials are (a + b) a
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6.3 Factoring - Trinomials where a
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As the past few examples illustrate
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6.3 Practice - Trinomials where a =
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Example 296. 10x 2 − 27x +5 Multi
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6.5 Factoring - Factoring Special P
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Example 306. 4x 2 + 20xy + 25y 2 Mu
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6.5 Practice - Factoring Special Pr
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Example 313. Example 314. Example 3
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6.7 Factoring - Solve by Factoring
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0=(2x +3)(2x − 3) One factor must
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6.7 Practice - Solve by Factoring S
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7.1 Rational Expressions - Reduce R
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However, if there is more than just
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41) 8m+16 20m − 12 43) 2x2 − 10
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Example 333. 25x2 24y4 · 9y8 55x7
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Simplify each expression. 1) 8x2 9
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7.3 Rational Expressions - Least Co
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As the above example illustrates, w
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7.4 Rational Expressions - Add & Su
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13 12 Our Solution The same process
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7.4 Practice - Add and Subtract Add
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2(12) 1(12) − 3 4 5(12) 1(12) + 6
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LCD =(x + 3)(x − 3) Multiply each
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23) 25) 27) 29) x − 4+ 9 2x +3 x
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(20)(9)=6x Multiply 180 = 6x Divide
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3.5 6 The man hasashadow of 3.5 fee
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33) Kali reduced the size of a pain
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LCD will be more involved. We will
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x=5 or − 2 Our Solution World Vie
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7.8 Rational Expressions - Dimensio
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� 435 1 �� 1 lbs = 16 435
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To focus on the process of conversi
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7.8 Practice - Dimensional Analysis
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Chapter 8 : Radicals 8.1 Square Roo
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√ process is being able to transl
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Simplify. √ 1) 245 √ 3) 36 √
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Example 384. 3√ 54 We are working
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8.3 Radicals - Adding Radicals Obje
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Simiplify 1) 2 5 √ + 2 5 √ + 2
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√ √ √ √ 4 50 + 6 30 − 8 3
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The previous example could have bee
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8.5 Radicals - Rationalize Denomina
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2x2 √ √ 10 − 6x 3x Our Soluti
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Example 408. 2 5 √ − 3 7 √ 5
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37) 5 2 √ + 3 √ 5+5 2 √ 38) 3
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1 (3) 4 Evaluate exponent 1 81 Our
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8.6 Practice - Rational Exponents W
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Example 420. ab2 3√ a2 4√ b Rew
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8.7 Practice - Radicals of Mixed In
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Example 426. Example 427. i 35 Divi
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√ Dividing with complex numbers a
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Simplify. 1) 3 − ( − 8+4i) 3) (
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Chapter 9 : Quadratics 9.1 Solving
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Example 444. + 1 +1 Add1to both sid
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2 − 2=0 Subtract 0=0 True! It wor
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Solve. √ 1) 2x + 3 √ 3) 6x −
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x4 4√ = ± 4√ 16 Simplify roots
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5√ 4x +1 = ± 3 Clear radical by
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9.3 Quadratics - Complete the Squar
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x2 + 5 25 x+ 3 36 � x + 5 �2 6
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Example 464. − 7 3 � 3 3 + 3 3
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9.4 Quadratics - Quadratic Formula
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x = Example 468. √ 30 ± 900 + 11
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9.4 Practice - Quadratic Formula So
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12x 2 − 17x + 6=0 Our Solution If
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9.5 Practice - Build Quadratics fro
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Example 479. a −2 − a −1 −
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12 = (x − 3) 2 or 13 =(x − 3) 2
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9.7 Quadratics - Rectangles Objecti
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Example 486. 2 Our Solution The len
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4(x 2 + 10x − 24) =0 Factor trino
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that require 24 square meters for p
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1(12x) 3 + 1(12x) x 1 1 5 + = 3 x 1
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6x +6(x − 1)=5x(x − 1) Reduce e
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16) A sink can be filled from the f
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These simultaneous product equation
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9.10 Quadratics - Revenue and Dista
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96n(n − 2) 96n(n − 2) +4n(n −
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upstream, the current will pull aga
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12) A pilot flying at a constant ra
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The above method to graph a parabol
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It is important to remember the gra
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Chapter 10 : Functions 10.1 Functio
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Example 504. Which of the following
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2x − 3 � 0 Set up an inequality
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Solve. 10.1 Practice - Function Not
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10.2 Functions - Operations on Func
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(x − 5)(x +1) (x − 5) Divide ou
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We can also evaluate a composition
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23) f(x) = x 2 − 5x g(x) = x + 5
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10.3 Functions - Inverse Functions
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(3x +6)(3 − 4x) 3 − 4x (4x+8)(3
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10.3 Practice - Inverse Functions S
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Example 530. 8 3x = 32 Rewrite 8 as
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10.4 Practice - Exponential Functio
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log3x =7 Identify base, 3, answer,
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10.5 Practice - Logarithmic Functio
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A = 25000(1.01625) 20 Evaluate expo
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The variable e is a constant simila
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j. All of the above compounded cont
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Using the diagram at right, find ea
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10.7 Practice - Trigonometric Funct
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21) 23) 25) 27) A B A 5 38 ◦ x x
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37) 39) A A 37.1 ◦ C x x C 13.1 4
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θ 17 From angle θ the given sides
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function to find the missing angle
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Find the measure of each angle indi
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27) 29) 14 A A θ C 15 7 C 14 θ B
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437
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7) 5 4 8) 4 3 9) 3 2 10) 8 3 11) 5
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54) 60v − 7 55) − 3x + 8x 2 56)
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45) 12 46) All real numbers 47) No
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15) wx 3 = 1458 16) h = 1.5 j 17) a
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1) B(4, − 3) C(1, 2) D( − 1, 4)
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1) y = 2x +5 2) y = − 6x +4 3) y
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23) x =4 24) y − 4 = 7 (x − 1)
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25) 5�x
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1) ( − 2, 4) 2) (2,4) 3) No solut
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27) 56, 144 28) 1.5, 3.5 29) 30 30)
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42) 1.2 × 10 6 5.4 1) 3 2) 7 3)
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5) 2x 3 + 4x 2 + x 2 6) 5p3 4 +4p2
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7) (b +8)(b + 4) 8) (b − 10)(b
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11) n(n − 1) 12) (5x +3)(x − 5)
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5) 3x2 2 6) 5p 2 7) 5m 8) 7 10 9) r
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7) 8) 5 24r 7x + 3y x 2 y 2 9) 15t+
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21) 0, 5 22) − 2, 5 3 23) 4,7 24)
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42) − 18xz 4x3yz3 � 4 8.3 1) 6
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16 3 √ + 4 5 √ 43 18) 19) 2 √
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8.8 1) 11 − 4i 2) − 4i 3) − 3
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√ √ 33) 4+i 39, 4 −i 39 34)
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9) ± 2, ± 4 10) 2,3, − 1 ±i 3
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1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) (-2,0) (0,-8) (-1
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11) 100 12) − 74 13) 1 5 14) 27 1
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10.5 1) 9 2 = 81 2) b −16 = a 3)
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21) 51.3 ◦ 22) 45 ◦ 23) 56.4
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