Beginning and Intermediate Algebra - Wallace Math Courses ...

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7.5 Rational Expressions - Complex Fractions Objective: Simplify complex fractions by multiplying each term by the least common denominator. Complex fractions have fractions in either the numerator, or denominator, or usually both. These fractions can be simplified in one of two ways. This will be illustrated first with integers, then we will consider how the process can be expanded to include expressions with variables. The first method uses order of operations to simplify the numerator and denominator first, then divide the two resulting fractions by multiplying by the reciprocal. Example 353. � 5 12 � 5 4 2 1 − 3 4 5 1 + 6 2 8 3 − 12 12 5 3 + 6 6 5 12 4 3 �� 3 4 �� 1 4 5 16 Get common denominator in top and bottom fractions Add and subtract fractions, reducing solutions To divide fractions we multiply by the reciprocal Reduce Multiply Our Solution The process above works just fine to simplify, but between getting common denominators, taking reciprocals, and reducing, it can be a very involved process. Generally we prefer a different method, to multiply the numerator and denominator of the large fraction (in effect each term in the complex fraction) by the least common denominator (LCD). This will allow us to reduce and clear the small fractions. We will simplify the same problem using this second method. Example 354. 2 1 − 3 4 5 1 + 6 2 LCD is 12, multiply each term 262
2(12) 1(12) − 3 4 5(12) 1(12) + 6 2 2(4) − 1(3) 5(2)+1(6) Multiply 8 − 3 10 + 6 5 16 Reduce each fraction Add and subtract Our Solution Clearly the second method is a much cleaner and faster method to arrive at our solution. It is the method we will use when simplifying with variables as well. We will first find the LCD of the small fractions, and multiply each term by this LCD so we can clear the small fractions and simplify. Example 355. 1 − 1 x 2 1 − 1 x Identify LCD (use highest exponent) LCD =x 2 Multiply each term by LCD 1(x 2 ) − 1(x2 ) x 2 1(x 2 ) − 1(x2 ) x 1(x 2 ) − 1 1(x 2 ) − x Multiply x 2 − 1 x 2 − x (x + 1)(x − 1) x(x − 1) x +1 x Reduce fractions (subtract exponents) Factor Divide out(x − 1) factor Our Solution The process is the same if the LCD is a binomial, we will need to distribute 3 − 2 x + 4 5 + 2 x + 4 Multiply each term by LCD, (x +4) 263
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Beginning and Intermediate Algebra
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Special thanks to: My beautiful wif
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Chapter 6: Factoring 6.1 Greatest C
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0.1 Pre-Algebra - Integers Objectiv
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Multiplication and division of inte
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45) (4)( − 6) Find each quotient.
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9 ÷ 3 3 = 21 ÷ 3 7 Our Soultion T
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Example 21. 13 6 − 9 6 4 6 2 3 Sa
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Find each quotient. 37) − 2 ÷ 7
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the expression that is to be evalua
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Solve. 1) − 6 · 4( − 1) 3) 3+(
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It will be more common in our study
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0.4 Practice - Properties of Algebr
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Chapter 1 : Solving Linear Equation
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Addition Problems To solve equation
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8x = − 24 8 8 x = − 3 Division
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1.2 Linear Equations - Two-Step Equ
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− 1 − 1 Divide both sides by
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1.3 Solving Linear Equations - Gene
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Example 63. − 3x +9=6x − 27 Not
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4[ − 2]+9=−15 +8(2) Finish mult
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1.4 Solving Linear Equations - Frac
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Example 72. � � 3 5 4 x + = 3 2
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1.5 Solving Linear Equations - Form
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Example 79. A = πr 2 +πrs for s S
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1.5 Practice - Formulas Solve each
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|x| = 5 Absolute value can be posit
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Example 90. 7+|2x − 5| =4 Notice
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1.7 Solving Linear Equations - Vari
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Once we have found the constant of
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1.7 Practice - Variation Write the
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sure. If the pressure of a certain
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Fifteen more than three times a num
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When we started with our first, sec
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1.8 Practice - Number and Geometry
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30. The perimeter of a college bask
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Our equation comes from the future
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4x + 2=102 Solve the two − step e
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years ago, the bronze plaque was on
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1.10 Solving Linear Equations - Dis
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Rate Time Distance Bob r + 2 3 Fred
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2 =t Our solution fort, she catches
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Find the distance he rode. 8. A man
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The first plan is flying 25 mph slo
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2.1 Graphing - Points and Lines Obj
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E B D F G C A Our Solution The main
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x y − 3 − 4 0 − 2 3 0 Our com
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2.2 Graphing - Slope Objective: Fin
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When mathematicians began working w
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Example 131. Find the value of x be
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9) 10) Find the slope of the line t
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y = − 2 x + 3 Our Solution 3 Iden
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2.3 Practice - Slope-Intercept Writ
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2.4 Graphing - Point-Slope Form Obj
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Find the equation of the line throu
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Write the point-slope form of the e
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m = 2 5 m = 2 5 Example 147. Slope
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2.5 Practice - Parallel and Perpend
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Chapter 3 : Inequalities 3.1 Solve
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than 4. If we have an expression su
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− 5 − 5 − 2x � 6 Divide bot
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Solve each inequality, graph each s
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As the graphs overlap, we take the
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3.2 Practice - Compound Inequalitie
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edition of a college algebra text!
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It is important to remember as we a
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Chapter 4 : Systems of Equations 4.
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ested in the point that is a soluti
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that parallel lines have the same s
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4.2 Systems of Equations - Substitu
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tion. This process is described and
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World View Note: French mathematici
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31) 2x + y = 2 3x + 7y = 14 33) x +
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6x +9y = 6 New second equation −
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Just as with graphing and substutio
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4.4 Systems of Equations - Three Va
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just the ordered pair (x, y). In th
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15x − 12y +9z = − 12 5x − 4y
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23) 3x + 3y − 2z = 13 6x + 2y −
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are given to use. This means someti
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− 0.5 − 0.5 c=17 We have c, num
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− 0.06x − 0.06y = − 240 Add e
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14) A bank contains 27 coins in dim
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4.6 Systems of Equations - Mixture
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Amount Part Total Start 40 3 120 Ad
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4(30 −n)+2.5n=105 Substitute into
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16) A certain grade of milk contain
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175
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5.1 Polynomials - Exponent Properti
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A quicker method to arrive at the s
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Example 210. Example 211. 7a 3 (2a
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5.2 Polynomials - Negative Exponent
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As we simplified our fraction we to
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5.2 Practice - Negative Exponents S
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Example 223. Convert 3.21 × 10 5 t
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5.3 Practice - Scientific Notation
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World View Note: Ada Lovelace in 18
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21) (3+b 4 )+(7+2b + b 4 ) 22) (1+6
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Just as we distribute a monomial th
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Example 243. (2x − 5)(4x 2 − 7x
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5.6 Polynomials - Multiply Special
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Be very careful when we are squarin
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5.7 Polynomials - Divide Polynomial
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3. Change the sign of the terms and
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Example 261. 2x 3 + 42 − 4x x + 3
Page 211 and 212: Chapter 6 : Factoring 6.1 Greatest
Page 213 and 214: ers using mental math, then we take
Page 215 and 216: 6.1 Practice - Greatest Common Fact
Page 217 and 218: Example 273. 10ab + 15b + 4a+6 Spli
Page 219 and 220: example the binomials are (a + b) a
Page 221 and 222: 6.3 Factoring - Trinomials where a
Page 223 and 224: As the past few examples illustrate
Page 225 and 226: 6.3 Practice - Trinomials where a =
Page 227 and 228: Example 296. 10x 2 − 27x +5 Multi
Page 229 and 230: 6.5 Factoring - Factoring Special P
Page 231 and 232: Example 306. 4x 2 + 20xy + 25y 2 Mu
Page 233 and 234: 6.5 Practice - Factoring Special Pr
Page 235 and 236: Example 313. Example 314. Example 3
Page 237 and 238: 6.7 Factoring - Solve by Factoring
Page 239 and 240: 0=(2x +3)(2x − 3) One factor must
Page 241 and 242: 6.7 Practice - Solve by Factoring S
Page 243 and 244: 7.1 Rational Expressions - Reduce R
Page 245 and 246: However, if there is more than just
Page 247 and 248: 41) 8m+16 20m − 12 43) 2x2 − 10
Page 249 and 250: Example 333. 25x2 24y4 · 9y8 55x7
Page 251 and 252: Simplify each expression. 1) 8x2 9
Page 253 and 254: 7.3 Rational Expressions - Least Co
Page 255 and 256: As the above example illustrates, w
Page 257 and 258: 7.4 Rational Expressions - Add & Su
Page 259 and 260: 13 12 Our Solution The same process
Page 261: 7.4 Practice - Add and Subtract Add
Page 265 and 266: LCD =(x + 3)(x − 3) Multiply each
Page 267 and 268: 23) 25) 27) 29) x − 4+ 9 2x +3 x
Page 269 and 270: (20)(9)=6x Multiply 180 = 6x Divide
Page 271 and 272: 3.5 6 The man hasashadow of 3.5 fee
Page 273 and 274: 33) Kali reduced the size of a pain
Page 275 and 276: LCD will be more involved. We will
Page 277 and 278: x=5 or − 2 Our Solution World Vie
Page 279 and 280: 7.8 Rational Expressions - Dimensio
Page 281 and 282: � 435 1 �� 1 lbs = 16 435
Page 283 and 284: To focus on the process of conversi
Page 285 and 286: 7.8 Practice - Dimensional Analysis
Page 287 and 288: Chapter 8 : Radicals 8.1 Square Roo
Page 289 and 290: √ process is being able to transl
Page 291 and 292: Simplify. √ 1) 245 √ 3) 36 √
Page 293 and 294: Example 384. 3√ 54 We are working
Page 295 and 296: 8.3 Radicals - Adding Radicals Obje
Page 297 and 298: Simiplify 1) 2 5 √ + 2 5 √ + 2
Page 299 and 300: √ √ √ √ 4 50 + 6 30 − 8 3
Page 301 and 302: The previous example could have bee
Page 303 and 304: 8.5 Radicals - Rationalize Denomina
Page 305 and 306: 2x2 √ √ 10 − 6x 3x Our Soluti
Page 307 and 308: Example 408. 2 5 √ − 3 7 √ 5
Page 309 and 310: 37) 5 2 √ + 3 √ 5+5 2 √ 38) 3
Page 311 and 312: 1 (3) 4 Evaluate exponent 1 81 Our
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8.6 Practice - Rational Exponents W
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Example 420. ab2 3√ a2 4√ b Rew
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8.7 Practice - Radicals of Mixed In
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Example 426. Example 427. i 35 Divi
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√ Dividing with complex numbers a
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Simplify. 1) 3 − ( − 8+4i) 3) (
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Chapter 9 : Quadratics 9.1 Solving
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Example 444. + 1 +1 Add1to both sid
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2 − 2=0 Subtract 0=0 True! It wor
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Solve. √ 1) 2x + 3 √ 3) 6x −
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x4 4√ = ± 4√ 16 Simplify roots
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5√ 4x +1 = ± 3 Clear radical by
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9.3 Quadratics - Complete the Squar
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x2 + 5 25 x+ 3 36 � x + 5 �2 6
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Example 464. − 7 3 � 3 3 + 3 3
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9.4 Quadratics - Quadratic Formula
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x = Example 468. √ 30 ± 900 + 11
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9.4 Practice - Quadratic Formula So
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12x 2 − 17x + 6=0 Our Solution If
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9.5 Practice - Build Quadratics fro
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Example 479. a −2 − a −1 −
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12 = (x − 3) 2 or 13 =(x − 3) 2
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9.7 Quadratics - Rectangles Objecti
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Example 486. 2 Our Solution The len
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4(x 2 + 10x − 24) =0 Factor trino
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that require 24 square meters for p
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1(12x) 3 + 1(12x) x 1 1 5 + = 3 x 1
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6x +6(x − 1)=5x(x − 1) Reduce e
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16) A sink can be filled from the f
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These simultaneous product equation
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9.10 Quadratics - Revenue and Dista
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96n(n − 2) 96n(n − 2) +4n(n −
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upstream, the current will pull aga
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12) A pilot flying at a constant ra
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The above method to graph a parabol
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It is important to remember the gra
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Chapter 10 : Functions 10.1 Functio
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Example 504. Which of the following
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2x − 3 � 0 Set up an inequality
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Solve. 10.1 Practice - Function Not
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10.2 Functions - Operations on Func
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(x − 5)(x +1) (x − 5) Divide ou
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We can also evaluate a composition
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23) f(x) = x 2 − 5x g(x) = x + 5
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10.3 Functions - Inverse Functions
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(3x +6)(3 − 4x) 3 − 4x (4x+8)(3
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10.3 Practice - Inverse Functions S
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Example 530. 8 3x = 32 Rewrite 8 as
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10.4 Practice - Exponential Functio
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log3x =7 Identify base, 3, answer,
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10.5 Practice - Logarithmic Functio
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A = 25000(1.01625) 20 Evaluate expo
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The variable e is a constant simila
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j. All of the above compounded cont
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Using the diagram at right, find ea
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10.7 Practice - Trigonometric Funct
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21) 23) 25) 27) A B A 5 38 ◦ x x
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37) 39) A A 37.1 ◦ C x x C 13.1 4
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θ 17 From angle θ the given sides
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function to find the missing angle
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Find the measure of each angle indi
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27) 29) 14 A A θ C 15 7 C 14 θ B
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437
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7) 5 4 8) 4 3 9) 3 2 10) 8 3 11) 5
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54) 60v − 7 55) − 3x + 8x 2 56)
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45) 12 46) All real numbers 47) No
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15) wx 3 = 1458 16) h = 1.5 j 17) a
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1) B(4, − 3) C(1, 2) D( − 1, 4)
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1) y = 2x +5 2) y = − 6x +4 3) y
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23) x =4 24) y − 4 = 7 (x − 1)
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25) 5�x
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1) ( − 2, 4) 2) (2,4) 3) No solut
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27) 56, 144 28) 1.5, 3.5 29) 30 30)
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42) 1.2 × 10 6 5.4 1) 3 2) 7 3)
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5) 2x 3 + 4x 2 + x 2 6) 5p3 4 +4p2
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7) (b +8)(b + 4) 8) (b − 10)(b
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11) n(n − 1) 12) (5x +3)(x − 5)
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5) 3x2 2 6) 5p 2 7) 5m 8) 7 10 9) r
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7) 8) 5 24r 7x + 3y x 2 y 2 9) 15t+
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21) 0, 5 22) − 2, 5 3 23) 4,7 24)
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42) − 18xz 4x3yz3 � 4 8.3 1) 6
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16 3 √ + 4 5 √ 43 18) 19) 2 √
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8.8 1) 11 − 4i 2) − 4i 3) − 3
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√ √ 33) 4+i 39, 4 −i 39 34)
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9) ± 2, ± 4 10) 2,3, − 1 ±i 3
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1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) (-2,0) (0,-8) (-1
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11) 100 12) − 74 13) 1 5 14) 27 1
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10.5 1) 9 2 = 81 2) b −16 = a 3)
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21) 51.3 ◦ 22) 45 ◦ 23) 56.4
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