e-<strong>Bus<strong>in</strong>ess</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Retail</strong> Sector5.1 Mercator, SloveniaAbstractWith a share of 36% <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Slovenian fast mov<strong>in</strong>g consumer goods market, Mercator isone of <strong>the</strong> largest commercial cha<strong>in</strong>s <strong>in</strong> South-Eastern Europe. In 1999, it launched aproject to <strong>in</strong>troduce e-commerce <strong>in</strong>to its upstream supply cha<strong>in</strong> management. Software<strong>and</strong> hardware solutions for <strong>the</strong> exchange of electronic bus<strong>in</strong>ess messages betweenMercator <strong>and</strong> its suppliers have been specifically developed for <strong>the</strong> company. Theelectronic exchange of bus<strong>in</strong>ess messages has helped Mercator to improve workorganisation <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> efficiency of its procurement process, cooperation with suppliers,<strong>and</strong> control over its stocks. One of <strong>the</strong> solution providers also successfully sells <strong>the</strong>solution on <strong>the</strong> market to o<strong>the</strong>r companies. This contributes to <strong>the</strong> expansion of e-commerce across Slovenia <strong>and</strong> abroad. The case study provides an educative lessonabout <strong>the</strong> importance of hav<strong>in</strong>g one unified ERP system <strong>in</strong> a company, its dependantcompanies <strong>and</strong> subsidiaries for an efficient implementation of e-commerce.Case study fact sheetFull name of <strong>the</strong> company:Location (headquarters / ma<strong>in</strong> branches):Poslovni sistem Mercator, d.d., (<strong>Bus<strong>in</strong>ess</strong>System Mercator Ltd.)SloveniaNo. of employees: 12.957SectorMa<strong>in</strong> bus<strong>in</strong>ess activity:<strong>Retail</strong> trade<strong>Retail</strong> sale of food, fast mov<strong>in</strong>g consumer goods,technical equipment, furniture, constructionmaterials, textile goods, cosmetics <strong>and</strong> sportsequipmentPrimary customers: Consumers, Petrol 59 , Istrabenz Turizem 60 ,Slovenian government 61Year of foundation: 1949Turnover <strong>in</strong> last f<strong>in</strong>ancial year (€): 1.609.832.000Most significant market area:Ma<strong>in</strong> e-bus<strong>in</strong>ess applications studied: *SloveniaTIE EP, eb-MANAGER, e-SERVICE Client5.1.1 Background <strong>and</strong> objectivesPoslovni sistem Mercator (refererred to as Mercator hereafter) is <strong>the</strong> controll<strong>in</strong>g companyof <strong>the</strong> Mercator Group 62 which is one of <strong>the</strong> largest commercial cha<strong>in</strong>s <strong>in</strong> South-EasternEurope. It sells fast mov<strong>in</strong>g consumer goods, technical equipment, furniture, constructionmaterials, textile goods, cosmetics <strong>and</strong> sports equipment <strong>in</strong> Slovenia. Mercator has beenconfronted by severe market conditions after Slovenia entered <strong>the</strong> EU <strong>in</strong> 2004. Foreign59606162Oil company; food products <strong>and</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r items are sold over Petrol fill<strong>in</strong>g stations.Tourist company.Ma<strong>in</strong>ly <strong>the</strong> M<strong>in</strong>istry of Defence <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> M<strong>in</strong>istry of Education <strong>and</strong> Sport.The Mercator group consists of 8 wholesale <strong>and</strong> retail trade companies <strong>in</strong> Slovenia, Croatia,Serbia, Bosnia <strong>and</strong> Hercegov<strong>in</strong>a, Montenegro <strong>and</strong> Macedonia; <strong>and</strong> 4 Slovene non-trad<strong>in</strong>gcompanies concerned with <strong>the</strong> production of food <strong>and</strong> beverages, market research <strong>and</strong> market<strong>in</strong>tervention <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> domestic <strong>and</strong> foreign markets, plann<strong>in</strong>g, eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> technicalcounsell<strong>in</strong>g on build<strong>in</strong>g shopp<strong>in</strong>g malls.121
e-<strong>Bus<strong>in</strong>ess</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Retail</strong> Sectorcompetition has been on <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>crease s<strong>in</strong>ce 1991 when Spar, a large Austriancommercial cha<strong>in</strong>, opened its first stores <strong>in</strong> Ljubljana, followed <strong>in</strong> 2000 by Leclerc, aFrench commercial cha<strong>in</strong>. Additionally, <strong>in</strong> 2005, a foreign discount cha<strong>in</strong> Hofer entered<strong>the</strong> Slovenian market, followed by <strong>the</strong> German retailer Lidl <strong>in</strong> 2007. In 2006, Mercatorheld 37% of Slovenian market of fast mov<strong>in</strong>g consumer goods, while its ma<strong>in</strong> rival SparSlovenia held 15,1% of <strong>the</strong> market <strong>and</strong> Tuš, ano<strong>the</strong>r Slovene commercial cha<strong>in</strong>, 12,2%(Planet <strong>Retail</strong>)Aga<strong>in</strong>st <strong>the</strong> background of <strong>in</strong>ternal restructur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>tegration of <strong>the</strong> Slovenian fastmov<strong>in</strong>g consumer goods <strong>and</strong> food <strong>in</strong>dustry at <strong>the</strong> end of <strong>the</strong> 90’s, Mercator started to<strong>in</strong>troduce e-commerce <strong>in</strong>to its upstream supply cha<strong>in</strong> management. In 1999 it launched aproject called “Introduction of Electronic Data Interchange <strong>in</strong>to Procurement Processes”.The ma<strong>in</strong> goal of <strong>the</strong> project was to <strong>in</strong>troduce electronic exchange of bus<strong>in</strong>ess documentsbetween Mercator <strong>and</strong> (domestic <strong>and</strong> foreign) suppliers of fast mov<strong>in</strong>g consumer goods<strong>and</strong> cosmetics. The solution had to be compatible with st<strong>and</strong>ards already <strong>in</strong> use by o<strong>the</strong>rcompanies <strong>in</strong> European Union, s<strong>in</strong>ce many of <strong>the</strong> company’s bus<strong>in</strong>ess partners are fromabroad. It should enable <strong>the</strong> exchange of <strong>the</strong> follow<strong>in</strong>g six types of documents:Orders: buyer-generated documents that authorise a purchase transaction; whenaccepted by <strong>the</strong> seller, <strong>the</strong>y become a b<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g contract between both partiesInventory reports: lists of goods <strong>and</strong> materials stockedOrder confirmations: documents <strong>in</strong>form<strong>in</strong>g a purchaser that an order has beenreceivedDespatch advices: documents sent by a consignor or seller to <strong>the</strong> consignee orbuyer that <strong>the</strong> ordered goods are ready to be shipped, or have already beenshipped; also called dispatch notesReceipt advices: documents sent by <strong>the</strong> receiver, i.e. buyer, to <strong>the</strong> seller to confirmreceipt of items <strong>and</strong> to report on shortages or damaged items <strong>and</strong>Invoices: a commercial document issued by a seller to a buyer <strong>in</strong>dicat<strong>in</strong>g thatpayment is due from <strong>the</strong> buyer to <strong>the</strong> sellerAccord<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> plan, bus<strong>in</strong>ess-to-bus<strong>in</strong>ess (B2B) e-commerce should first beimplemented between Mercator <strong>and</strong> its suppliers, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>n between o<strong>the</strong>r companies <strong>in</strong><strong>the</strong> Mercator Group <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir suppliers. The aim was to reduce <strong>the</strong> amount of manualwork needed for data process<strong>in</strong>g; to br<strong>in</strong>g down <strong>the</strong> number of mistakes made <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>order<strong>in</strong>g process; to reduce <strong>the</strong> required warehouse space; <strong>and</strong> to speed up <strong>the</strong> flow ofgoods between <strong>the</strong> suppliers <strong>and</strong> its warehouses. This <strong>in</strong> turn would <strong>in</strong>crease <strong>the</strong>company’s competitiveness, through lower procurement <strong>and</strong> storage cost. Itscompetitiveness would be especially boosted, if it was <strong>the</strong> first trad<strong>in</strong>g company with thisk<strong>in</strong>d of solution on <strong>the</strong> Slovenian market, s<strong>in</strong>ce it could make <strong>the</strong> biggest profit ga<strong>in</strong>s fromlower procurement <strong>and</strong> storage costs compared to its competitors. The company was<strong>in</strong>itially persuaded to <strong>in</strong>troduce e-commerce by one of its suppliers, Procter & GambleSlovenia63. The latter wanted to simplify <strong>the</strong> exchange of documents with its customers(<strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g Mercator), because it would help its production plann<strong>in</strong>g. It even paid Mercatora commission for electronic exchange of documents, s<strong>in</strong>ce it calculated that <strong>the</strong> sav<strong>in</strong>gs63Slovenian subsidiary of Procter & Gamble, a mult<strong>in</strong>ational manufacturer of product ranges<strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g personal care, household clean<strong>in</strong>g, laundry detergents, prescription drugs <strong>and</strong>disposable nappies.122