IX. LITIGATION 131• When the union which enters into such a closed-shop contractis not in fact the representative of a majority of the employees, thecontract requires unlawful discrimination ; the <strong>Board</strong> may thereforeorder the employer to cease and desist from giving effect to it.Nat. Motor Bearing Co. v. N. L. R. B., 105 F. (2d) 652, 660(C. C. A. 9).ORDERS FOR BACK PAYDeceased employee's back pay can be ordered paid to his personalrepresentative.—When an employee dies after the <strong>Board</strong> has orderedhis reinstatement with back pay, his personal representative is entitledto receive his back pay, according to the holding of the NinthCircuit in N. L. R. B. v. Hearst, 102 F. (2d) 658, 664.Nonco7npliance with reinstatement order starts back pay running.—Whenthe <strong>Board</strong> orders the reinstatement of strikers, it mayvalidly order that they receive back pay for the period followingthe date on which the employer, in violation of the <strong>Board</strong>'s order,rejects their request for reemployment.55Exact arnownt of back pay need not be specified in <strong>Board</strong> order.—The exact amount of back pay necessary to make each employeewhole need not be set forth in the <strong>Board</strong>'s order. Any disagreementon that score can be resolved in contempt proceedings. N. L.R. B. v. Carlisle Lumber Co., 99 F. (2d) 533, 539 (C. C. A. 9), certioraridenied, 306 U. S. 646.ORDERS REINSTATING STRIKERSDisplacement of present employees is contemplated.—When the<strong>Board</strong> orders the reinstatement of employees whose work has ceasedas a result of an unfair labor practice, it is contemplated that personswho have been employed to take their places will be displaced.Consolidated Edison Co. v. N. L. R. B., 95 F. (2d) 390, 397 (C.C. A. 2), affirmed as modified, 305 U. S. 197. The fact that the remstatedemployees happen to be strikers, and therefore numerous,does not alter the legal principle applicable.56When the total number of workers utilized by an employer isreduced for business reasons, so that, even after all strikebreakershave been let go, there are still no vacancies for the strikers orderedreinstated, the employer may be required to divide available work be-65 N. L. R. B. v. Stackpole Carbon Co., 105 F. (2d) 167. 177 (C. C. A. 3), certiorari deniedNovember 6, 1939; N. L. R. B. v. Louisville Refining Co., 102 F. (2d) 678 (C. C. A. 6),certiorari denied, October 9, 1939, enforcing Matter of Louisville Refining Co. and Int.Ass'n of Oil Field, Gas Well and Refinery Workers of Amer., 4 N. L. R. B. 844, 877;N. L. R. B. v. Oregon Worsted Co., 96 F. (2d) 193, 196 (C. C. A. 9) ; N. L. R. B. v. Bites-Coleman Lumber Co., 98 F. (2d) 18. 23 (C. C. A. 9), enforcing Matter of Bites-ColemanLumber Co. and Puget Sound Dist. Council of Lumber and Sawmill Workers, 4 N. L. R. B.679, 708.Orders requiring the displacement of strikebreakers in connection with the reinstatementof employees engaged in a strike caused or prolonged by unfair labor practices havebeen enforced in 'a number of recent cases. N. L. R. B. v. Stackpole Carbon Co., 105 F.(2d) 167, 177-8 (C. C. A. 31. certiorari denied November 6. 1939; N. L. R. B. v. LouisvilleRefining Co., 102 F. (2d) 678 (C. C. A. 6), certiorari denied, October 9. 1939, enforcingMatter of Louisville Refining Co. and Int. Ass'n Oil Field, Gas Well and Refinery Workersof Amer., 4 N. L. R. B. 844, 877; N. L. R. B. v. Kiddie Kover Mfg. Co., 105 F. (2d) 179(C. C. A. 6) ; N. L. R. B. v. C. A. Lund, 103 F. (2d) 815, 820-1 (C. C. A. 8) ; N. L. R. B.v. Biles-Coleman Lumber Co., 98 F. (2d) 1S, 23 (C. C. A. 9), enforcing Matter of Biles-ColemanLumber Co. and Puget Sound Dist. Council of Lumber and Sawmill Workers, 4N. L. R. B. 679, 708. So also, during the preceding fiscal year : N. L. R. B. v. RemingtonRand, Inc., 94 F. (2d) 862 (C. C. A. 2), certiorari denied, 304 U. S. 576, 585; BlackDiamond Steamship Corp. v. N. L. R. B., 94 F (2d) 875 (C. C. A. 2), certiorari denied304 U. S. 579; Jeffery-DeWitt Insulator Co. v. N. L. R. B., 91 F. (2d) 134 (C. C. A. 4),certiorari denied, 302 U. S. 731; N. L. R. It v. Carlisle Lumber Co., 94 F. (2d) 138(C. C. A. 9), certiorari denied 304 U. S. 575.
132 FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARDtween striking and non-striking employees on some non-discriminatorybasis. N. L. R. B. v. Stackpole Carbon Co., 105 F. (2d) 167, 177(C. C. A. 3), certiorari denied, November 6, 1939.Removal of the employer's plant to a new location is no obstacleto reinstatement.—The power of the <strong>Board</strong> to order reinstatementeven though the employer removes his plant to a new location iswell established. N. L. R. B. v. Hopwood Retinning Co., 98 F.(2d) 97, 99 (C. C. A. 2) ; N. L. R. B. v. Stackpole Carbon Co.,105 F. (2d) 167, 177-8 (C. C. A. 3), certiorari denied, November 6,1939."Reinstatement of strikers who have engaged in misconduct duringthe strike.—In Famteel Metallurgical Corp. v. N. L. R. B. 306 U. S.240,257-8, the Supreme Court held that the purposes of the Act are noteffectuated by the reinstatement of strikers who have been guilty ofseizure and violent retention of possession of their employer's plant, indefiance of state law and a court order and that an order of reinstatementin such a case is an abuse of discretion, even though the employerhimself has been guilty of serious violation of the Act. 58 Strikingemployees who brought food to those in occupation of the Fansteelplant were held barred from reinstatement as "abetters" by applicationof the same principle.When strikers engage in unpldnned or petty violence, the <strong>Board</strong>does not exceed its discretion in ordering their reinstatement.—TheFansteel rule is inapplicable to strikers who engage in ordinary picketlinedisputes, common to such controversies. In N. L. R. B. v.Stackpole Carbon Co., 105 F. (2d) 167, 175 (C. C. A. 3) and inN. L. R. B. v. Kiddie Kover Mfg. Co. 105 F. (2d)1 179, 183(C. C. A. 6), a <strong>Board</strong> order reinstating such strikers was enforcedand the Fansteel case expressly distinguished.5°ORDERS TO CEASE AND DESISTThe cease and desist orders issued by the <strong>Board</strong> can be phrasedto extend beyond the particular unlawful activity found to havetaken place. Thus, a general cease and desist order in the languageof section 8 (1) is proper. N. L. R. B. v. Nat. Motor Bearing Co.,105 F. (2d) 652, 660-1 (C. C. A. 9). 60 And an order to cease anddesist discouraging membership in unions by discrimination can beissued even though no actual instances of such discrimination arefound to have occurred.°1PROCEDURE BEFORE THE BOARD—GENERALLYParties to <strong>Board</strong> proceedings in which contracts are invalidated.—Just as a company-dominated labor organization may be ordered dis-" So also, during the preceding fiscal year, N. L. R. B. v. Remington Rand, Inc., 94 F.(2d) 862, 872 (C C. A. 2), certiorari denied, 304 U. S. 576, 578."'Justices Stone, Reed, and Black dissented.59 See page 127, supra.So also, Newport News Shipping & D. D. Co. v. N. L. R. B., 101 F. (2d) 841,848 (C. C. A. 4), cert. granted, 59 S. Ct. 793, enforcing as mod., Matter of Newport NewsShipbuilding and D. D. Co. and Ind. Union of Marine and Shipbuilding Workers of inter.,8 N. L. R. B. 866, 878, and disregarding the employer's contrary contentions (NewportNews' brief, p. 43) '• N. L. R. B. v. Pure Oil Co., 103 F. (26) 497 (C. C. A. 5) ; N. L. R. B.v. Wilson & Co., 103 F. (2d) 243, 251 (C. C. A. 8), rehearing denied, April 25, 1939,enforcing Matter of Wilson c6 Co. and Ind. Union of All Workers or United Packing HouseWorkers, 7 N. L. R. B. 986, 1000, and rejecting the employer's contrary contention(Wilson's petition for rehearing, p. 2).ei N. L. R. B. v. Pure Oil Co.; 3.7. L. R. B. v. Wilson 4 , both supra.