Student Flow at Primary Level - DISE

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Methodological Framework11the other hand, estimates generated by the ASER: PRATHAM and IMRB-International surveys are the Age-specific Enrolment Ratios (ASER) andnot the GER and NER reported based on the DISE data. In the ASER, allchildren enrolled of an age-group, irrespective of the class in which theystudy, are considered. Thus, children (6-11 years) may not necessarily beenrolled only in primary I-V Grades. On the other hand, in the GER andNER, enrolment in primary Grades I-V only is considered. Therefore, theestimate of children attending schools as reported by the ASER: PRATHAMand IMRB-International is irrespective of the class children attending.Children are attending school but whether they are attending primary orupper primary class is not considered. Those who are not attending aretermed as out-of-school children and includes both never enrolled anddropped-out children. The other major difference regarding estimate ofout-of-school children is that ASER-PRTHAM reported only in percentageform and no estimate in absolute form is made available, while IMRB-International reported both.One of the other important indicators produced by both the ASER: PRATHAMand IMRB-International is the percentage of those children who are notenrolled, bifurcated into never enrolled and dropped-out children. In boththe surveys these children are termed as un-enrolled or out-of-schoolchildren. The percentage of dropped-out children is calculated in termsof total school-age population (6-13/6-14 years) which is different fromthe drop-out rate. Drop-out rate is hundred minus ratio of Grade V (minusrepeaters) in current year to enrolment in Grade I four years back, whichindicates how many children dropped–out from the system before reachingGrade V. On the other hand, percentage of dropped-out children in relationto total school-age children indicate those children who are currently notenrolled but have dropped-out from the system before completing a grade.The number of such children is calculated in terms of total child populationof age-group 6-13/14 years. While ASER: PRATHAM estimated percentageof dropped-out out-of-school children separately in the age-groups of 6-10, 11-14 and 6-14 years, IMRB-International provided the same only forthe age-group 6-13 years.As has already been pointed out that the DISE is the complete enumerationof all schools that impart elementary education, while both the ASER-PRATHAM and IMRB-International are based on the household samplesurveys. One of the other important aspects that vary from survey tosurvey is the respondent. While the school Head-Master/Head-Teacher isthe respondent in DISE, it is head of the household in the IMRB-Internationalsurvey on estimating out-of-school children. However, it is childrenbetween ages 6-13 years who are the respondents in case of the ASER:
12 Student Flow at Primary LevelPRATHM all-India survey of out-of-school children. The other majorvariation is the number of states that have been covered under differentsurveys and also the frequency of data collection. While DISE covered allthe states, the ASER: PRATHAM survey covered only 28 out of 35 States &UTs and confined to the rural areas. The un-covered states are: J & K,Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Chandigarh, Delhi, Lakshadweep,Mizoram, Puducherry, Sikkim and Andaman & Nicobar Islands. However, inthe IMRB-International survey, both the rural and urban areas of all theStates and UTs have been covered.Before different estimates are compared, it is also important to knowhow the samples upon which estimates are generated are drawn. On theone hand, DISE estimates are based on data received from more than 1million institutions, as mentioned above, the other two surveys arehousehold-based surveys. ASER: PRATHAM is based on the data collectedfrom as many as 191 thousand households, and IMRB-International from87,874 households. However, ASER:PRATHAM estimates concerning facilitiesin schools, learning attainments and availability of teachers, are basedon only 4,918 schools having Grades I-IV/V and 3,536 schools having GradesI-VIII.The out-of-school children estimated by IMRB are based upon the projectedpopulation (in July 2005) obtained by using the average annual compoundgrowth rate between the census years 1991 and 2001. However, basis of6-11, 11-13, 6-13 and single-age of 5 and 6 years projected population isnot provided which has been projected separately in the rural and urbanareas as well for boys and girls. Hence, once the more authentic estimatesof the clientele population is available; the estimate of out-of-schoolchildren both in the percentage and absolute terms would also be changed.In the backdrop of the above methodological variations, a comparison ofdifferent estimates is presented below.ASER-PRATHAM: Percentage Children Enrolled & Not EnrolledThe percentage of children enrolled by type of schools and children notenrolled at the all-India level, estimated by the ASER-PRATHAM, ispresented in Table 2. The percentage is obtained in relation to total childrenin an age-group but confined only to rural areas. Thus, all children in anage-group is divided into two parts, namely those who are enrolled andthose who are not enrolled. The statistics generated is based on the datacollected between October and December 2005. However, neither theout-of-school children in absolute number is estimated nor total populationin an age-group is projected.
Page 2 and 3: Student Flow at Primary LevelAn Ana
Page 4: ContentsForewordPrefaceAbbreviation
Page 7 and 8: PrefaceIn the recent past number of
Page 9 and 10: List of TablesTable 1 Comparative S
Page 11 and 12: xiiList of FiguresFigure 1 Percenta
Page 13 and 14: xivsuggests a consistent decline bu
Page 15 and 16: 2 Student Flow at Primary LevelIn s
Page 17 and 18: 4 Student Flow at Primary Leveltime
Page 19: 6 Student Flow at Primary Levelof h
Page 22 and 23: Methodological Framework9SurveyVari
Page 26 and 27: Methodological Framework13Table 2 r
Page 28 and 29: Table 3Percentage of Enrolled Child
Page 30 and 31: Methodological Framework17Madarasas
Page 32 and 33: Methodological Framework19Table 5IM
Page 34 and 35: Methodological Framework21this age-
Page 36 and 37: Methodological Framework23levels of
Page 38 and 39: Retaining Capacity of the System25T
Page 40 and 41: Retaining Capacity of the System27T
Page 42 and 43: Grade-to-Grade Flow Rates29universa
Page 44 and 45: Average Flow Rates31Let enrolment a
Page 46 and 47: Average Flow Rates33Table 12Percent
Page 48 and 49: Average Flow Rates35average repetit
Page 50 and 51: Average Flow Rates37Table 14Promoti
Page 52 and 53: Average Flow Rates39percent girls (
Page 54 and 55: Average Flow Rates41Table 16Repetit
Page 56 and 57: Average Flow Rates43Table 18Drop-ou
Page 58 and 59: Drop-out Rate45percent) and West Be
Page 60 and 61: Drop-out Rate47Table 21Gender-speci
Page 62 and 63: Drop-out & Repetition Rates49IV), R
Page 64 and 65: Drop-out & Repetition Rates51rate i
Page 66 and 67: Transition Rate53separately in case
Page 68 and 69: Transition Rate55to 78.01 percent d
Page 70 and 71: Efficiency of Education System57Tab
Page 72 and 73: DPEP Vs Non-DPEP Districts59encoura
Page 74 and 75:
DPEP Vs Non-DPEP Districts61It is l
Page 76 and 77:
DPEP Vs Non-DPEP Districts63Table 3
Page 78 and 79:
Concluding Observations65available,
Page 80 and 81:
Annexure67Table A2Flow Rates Cohort
Page 82 and 83:
Annexure69Table A4Flow Rates Cohort
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Student Flow at Primary Level - DISE

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